英语得七种主动语态是什么

英语被动语态的形式是什么~

英语中，根据主语和谓语之间逻辑关系，动词可分为主动和被动两种语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者或行为的主体。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者或行为的对象。

一、 一般现在时：
1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况.
2.时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,
3.基本结构：动词 原形 （如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要改为第三人称单数形式）
4.否定形式：am/is/are
+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词.
5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词.
6.例句：. It seldom snows here.
He is always ready to help others.
Action speaks louder than words.
二、 一般过去时：
1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为.
2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本结构：be动词；行为动词 的过去式
4.否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词.
5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词.
6.例句：She often came to help us in those days.
I didn't know you were so busy.
三、 现在进行时：
1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为.
2.时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc.
3.基本结构：am/is/are+doing
4.否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.
5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首.
6.例句： How are you feeling today?
He is doing well in his lessons.
四、 过去进行时：
1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作.
2.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等.
3.基本结构：was/were+doing
4.否定形式：was/were + not + doing.
5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首.
6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.
When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
五、 现在完成时：
1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态.
2.时间状语：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
3.基本结构：have/has + done
4.否定形式：have/has + not +done.
5.一般疑问句：have或has.
6.例句：I've written an article.
The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.
六、 过去完成时：
1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”.
2.时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
3.基本结构：had + done.
4.否定形式：had + not + done.
5.一般疑问句：had放于句首.
6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books
七、 一般将来时：
1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事.
2.时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
3.基本结构：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do.
4.否定形式：was/were + not; 在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词.
5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首.
6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies.
It is going to rain.
八、 过去将来时：
1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中.
2.时间状语：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3.基本结构：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do.
4.否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.
5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首.
6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day.
I asked who was going there .
九.将来完成时：
1.概念：在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态
2.时间状语：by the time of;by the end of+时间短语（将来）;by the time+从句（将来）
3.基本结构：be going to/will/shall + have done
十.现在完成进行时:
1.概念：在过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直持续到说话为止
2.基本结构：have/has +been+doing
几种常见时态的相互转换
英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换,以下是几种常见的转换形式：
十一、 一般过去时与现在完成时的转换
在现在完成时中,延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用,瞬间动词却不能.但是,可用别的表达方式：①瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中；②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语,与一段时间连用；③瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中,表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思,主句一般用it is来代替It has been;④瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中.请看：
A. He joined the League two years ago.
B. He has been in the League for two years.
C. It is two years since he joined the League.
D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.
十二、 一般现在时与现在进行时的转换
在一般现在时中,at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”,如at work（在工作）, at school（上学、上课）等.此短语可与进行时态转换.请看：
Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.
Peter is working, but Mike is playing.
十三、 现在进行时与一般将来时的转换
在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作.如：I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来,妈妈!”请看：
The train is leaving soon.
The train will leave soon.
十六种时态
一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,一般过去将来时；
现在进行时,过去进行时,将来进行时,过去将来进行时；
现在完成时,过去完成时,将来完成时,过去将来完成时；
现在完成进行时,过去完成进行时,将来完成进行时,过去将来完成进行时．

英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态.
1.当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,
2. 或者只需强调动作的承受者时,要用被动语态.被动语态结构：be + 过去分词(PP) + (by …)在改写中应注意：1.把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语;2.把动词变成“be + 过去分词”;3.主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语.时态被动语态结构一般现在时 am/is/are done 一般过去时 was/were done 现在进行时 am/is/are being done 过去进行时 was/were being done 一般将来时 shall/will/be going to be done 过去将来时 Would be done现在完成时 have/has been done 过去完成时 had been done Eg.Some people attacked the towers. S V O The towers were attacked by some people.S V1) A car knocked him down yesterday.-He was knocked down by a car yesterday．2)Two doctors and ten nurses make up the medical team． The medical team is made up of by two…．3)When I got there, they were cutting up a fallen tree．A fallen tree was being cut up, when I got there.4)We’ll put on the play next Sunday．The play will be put on next Sunday．5)Workers are building a new teaching building in our school．A new teaching building is being built by workers in our school．6)They had completed the railway by the end of last year． The railway had been completed by the end of last year．7)We should protect the earth．The earth should be protected．8)You need to paint the wall．The wall needs to be painted．几种特殊结构1.My uncle gave me a gift on my birthday．I was given a gift on my birthday．A gift was given to me on my birthday.2.We often hear him play guitar．He is often heard to play guitar注意：see,watch,hear,notice,feel,make, listen to, look at等动词/短语后作宾语补语的不定式都不带to；但改成被动语态后必须带to.We should take care of the old people .The old people should be taken care of.主动式表被动义1.动词 (表示主语的属性特征) + 副词 (well/ badly/easily/smoothly),用主动式表被动义. read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,lock, open,cook,shut,dry,eat,drink,…1.The books ____ well．A. were sold B. sell C. have sold D. are being sold2.This kind of cloth ____ easily． A. has washed B. was washed C. washes D. is washed2.不定式在某些形容词后作状语,且和句子的主语(或宾语)构成动宾关系时,用主动式表被动义.difficult,easy,hard,fit,pleasant,good, comfortable,light,heavy,safe,…1.The fish is not fit _to eat_(eat)．2. We find English is hard _to learn_ (learn)．3.The article is difficult__ to understand_ (understand).3.不定式作后置定语,与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系,又和该句主语(或宾语)构成主谓关系时,用主动式表被动义.1.I have a lot of homework ______(do)．2.I’ll give him some books ______ (read)．4表示状态特征的连系动词+adj./n.,用主动式表被动义. (look,sound,feel,smell,taste, prove, appear,make,...)The steel feels cold．5 表示“开始、结束、运动”的动词用主动式表被动义.(begin,open,start,stop,end,finish,shut, move,run,...)The shop opens at 6 am. every day．6. 作“需要”讲的want/need/require后接动名词作宾语时,用主动式表被动义；当然也可接不定式的被动式作宾语.Your jacket needs washing/ to be washedExercise:1.Newspapers are made __ paper. Paper is made __ wood.A.from/of B. of/from C. of/in D. in/from 2.A lot of new roads ___ built in the west of China.must B. must be C. has D. have 3.This dictionary mustn’t ____ from the library.A.take away B. taken away C. are taken away D. be taken away4.My shoes ____ . I went out for a new pair.A.is worn out B. wore out C. were worn off D. were worn out 5.His car ___ tomorrow.A.will be repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. has been repaired 6.When your homework ____ , we will go to play football.A.is done B. are done C. had done D. will be done7.He asked me _______.A.what the paper is used B. what the paper was used forC. what was the paper made of D. what’s the paper used as 8.Three fourths of the information on the internet ___ in English.A.am B. is C. are D. be9.English is widely used. Many business letters around the world ___ in it.A.are written B. were written C. are writing D. were writing 10.This pair of scissors ___ in China.A.Make B. made C. is made D. are made11.Three quarters of the messages _____ by telegraph.Was sent B. were sent C. Sent D. send12. In the past 10 years, China ____ up many man-made satellites.A.has been sent B. has sent C. was sent D. sent 13.They ___ to help the farmers with the harvest last autumn.asked B. asking C. to ask D. were asked14.We are always kept ____.to smoking B. on smoking C. from smoking D. off smoking 15.Nothing can stop us ___ English.A.learn B. learning C. learned D. learns16.Mary ___ some songs in her room in the morning.A.heard sing B. heard to sing C. was heard sing D. is heard to sing17. Mary ___ an English song in her room last night.A.was heard to sing B. is heard to sing C.was heard singing D. is heard singing 18. The guide said that the dinosaur eggs ____ about 95 million years ago.lay B. were lay C. laid D. were laid19. We found the ground ____ snow.A.cover with B. is covered with C.was covered with D. was covering with 20. The shop assistant showed a hat _____ red silk to us.A.made from B. made of C. was made of D. was made from 21. We can find many pictures ____ by Xu Beihong in the museum.A.drawing B. drawn C. drew D. to draw22.Have these words _____ by us yesterday?been learnt B. learnt C. learned D. were learnt 23. Have you heard of a dinosaur _____ feathers?A.was covered by B. was covered with C. covered with D. covered by24.About 500 cars ___ in the factory next month.A.were produced B. will be produced C. will be made D. have been produced 25.She ______ for 10 years.A.has been marry B. has married C. has been married D. have marry 26.The sentence “Thank you” ___ in our everyday life.A.Often use B. often use C.is often used D. are often used 27.Most business letters are ___ English.A.Wrote by B. writing with C. Written in D. written by28.The box is used __ sitting ___ a chair ___ Mike.A.for,as, by B. by,for,of C. as,for,by D. for,by,as 29.Middle school students ___ not to smoke.A.always tell B. are told always C. tell always D. are always told30.The room had better ____ this afternoon.A.be cleaned B. to be cleaned C. clean D. to clean31. Everyone knows that paper ____ in China.A was made first B. at first was made C. was made at first D. was first made 32. He said that his teeth needed ____.A.to be repaired B. repair C. repaired D. to repair 33.The idea seems good but it needs_____.A.Trying on B. To try at C. To be tried out D. Being tried 34. Tell me what _____ next.A.to be finished B. Be finished C. To finish D. Finish 35. The dirty clothes ___ by his mother now.are washed B. are washing C. were washed D. are being washed36.Tom ! You _____on the phone just now, but you _____in.A.wanted , were B. are wanted , are C. were wanted , weren’t D. called , aren’t 参考答案：1-5 BBDDA 6-10 ABBAC 11-15 BBDCB 16-20 DCDCB 21-25 BACBC 26-30 CCADA 31-36 DACADC

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