非谓语动词作主语，宾语，表语等有什么区别，用法

动词ing作主语宾语表语等跟非谓语是一回事吗？~

不是，非谓语就不是谓语。
怎么能是一回事呢，它们具有动词的含义，却不能独立充当谓语。

1. doing, done, to do 都是一般式,可以有变化: being done; to be done; to be doing; to have done 等.

2. 非谓语动词的否定式都是在最前面加not. 如 not having done; not to have done.

3. 主语

Some students’ being late is really a trouble to teachers. (doing 前可加逻辑主语,用形容词性物主代词)

To study abroad is my dream. (to do)

4. 表语

My hobby is reading novels. (Reading novels is my hobby.)

My dream is to study abroad. (To study abroad is my dream.)

I’m interested in this book. (done)

This book is interesting. (doing)

(interest, surprise, excite, frighten, move, astonish, amaze, shock, satisfy, disappoint, please…)

The greenhouse is controlled with the computer. (done)

The cup is broken. (done)

5. 宾语

介词+doing\having done\being done

apologize to the teacher for my being late

thank you for having helped me with English

look forward to his coming

动词后接doing 还是to do 视动词而定

enjoy, appreciate, understand, escape, avoid, practice, suggest, mind, miss等接 doing\being done

We don’t enjoy being made fun of.

Would you mind my\me opening the door?

agree, hope, demand, pretend 等接to do

6. 定语

如果和被修饰的名词构成主动关系的: 名词+doing \ to do

a sleeping boy (a washing machine)

I have something to announce.

如果和被修饰的名词构成被动关系的: 名词+done(完成)\being done\ to be done

We are concerned about the problem discussed yesterday.

being discussed now.

to be discussed tomorrow.

a developed country a developing country

boiled water boiling water

a retired worker

7. 宾补

一般的宾补都是want sb to do ask sb to do expect sb to do

感官动词: see\feel
otice\find\watch\hear\listen to … +宾语+ do\doing\done\being done

see him enter the house (do)

find him sitting\seated on my desk (doing\done)

feel the house shaking (doing)

watch cars being repaired (being done)

watch the flag being raised (being done)

使役动词: (改成被动还原to: sb be made to do)

have sb\sth do\ doing \done

get sb\sth to do\ doing\ done

make sb\sth do\ done make myself understood

let sb\sth do\ be done let the poem be remembered

send sb\sth doing send the chalk frying

其它,如catch sb doing keep\leave sb\sth doing\done

with sb\sth doing \doneo do\adj.\adv.\prep. Phrase

8. 状语

与句子的逻辑主语构成主动关系的: (not) doing \ having done

He was busy writing, preparing the speech. (doing)

Having cut the meat into pieces, my father began to cook. (having done)

与句子的逻辑主语构成被动关系的: (not) done\having been done\being done

The teacher came in, smiling and followed by a group of the small children.

Having been checked, the paper was handed in.

Being watched by the audience, she felt nervous, not knowing what to do.

非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。动词不定式可在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语；动名词可在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语；分词可在句中作表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语，现将它们在用法上的区别总结如下： 1 动词不定式和动名词作主语比较 动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性动作，不定式作主语表示具体的或一次性的动作，特别是将来的动作。例如： _______ is a good form of exercise for both young and old．（MET 1992） A．The walk B．Walking C．To walk D．Walk（Key：B） 2 动词不定式、动名词、分词作表语比较 （1）不定式和动名词作表语的区别同作主语一样。 His job is building houses． Our task now is to increase food production． （2）动词不定式和动名词作表语说明主语的内容，现在分词作表语表示主语所具有的特征，过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。 The real problem is getting to know the needs of the customers． The most important thing is to put theory into practice． The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier，_______ it more difficult．（NMET 1999） A．not make B．not to make C．not making D．do not make （Key：B） 3 动词不定式和动名词作宾语比较 （1）有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如：want，wish，hope，manage，de- mand，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect等。 We agreed _______ here，but so far she hasn't turned up yet．（NMET 1995） A．having met B．meeting C．to meet D．to have met （Key：C） （2）有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如：admit，appreciate，avoid，con- sider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape， excuse，finish，forgive，imagine， keep，mind，miss，practise，resist， risk，suggest，deny等。 The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed_______ ．（MET 1987） A．catching B．to be caught C．being caught D．to catch （Key：C） I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon．（MET 1992） A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C） （3）有些动词后既可以跟不定式又可以跟动名词，意义上无多大区别，如：love， like，hate，prefer，intend，start， continue等。 I intend to finish／finish- ing the task this morning． （4）有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词，但意义上有区别，如：forget，remember， mean，regret，stop，try等。 —The light in the office is still on． —Oh，I forgot _______ ．（MET 1991） A．turning it off B．turn it off C．to turn it off D．having turned it off（Key：C） —You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting． —Well，now I regret _______ that．（NMET 1995） A．to do B．to be doing C．to have done D．having done（Key：D） 4、动词不定式、分词作宾语补足语和主语补足语比较 （1）有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语补足语或主语补足语，如：ask，tell，order，want，wish，warn， allow，advise，permit，forbid等。 The patientwas warned _______ oily food after the operation．（NMET 1996） A．to eat not B．eating not C．not to eat D．not eating（Key：C） （2）有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟分词作宾语补足语或主语补足语，但意义不同，如：see，watch，notice，observe，hear，feel，have， make等，且不定式不带to，但在被动结构中必须带to。不定式指动作的全过程；现在分词指正在进行的动作的一部分，且表主动意义；过去分词指已经完成的动作，且表被动意义。 Paul doesn't have to be made ．He always works hard．（NMET 1995） A．learn B．to learn C．learned D．learning（Key：B） The manager discussed the plan that they would like so see the next year．（NMET 2000） A．carry out B．carrying out C．carried out D．to carry out（Key：C） 5 不定式、动名词、分词作定语比较 （1）不定式作定语表示“将要”，现在分词表示“正在”或主动，过去分词表示“已经”。 The Olympic Games，in 776 B．C．，did not include women players until1912．（NMET 1997） A．first playing B．to be first played C．first played D．to be first playing（Key：C） When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door“Sorry to miss you； will call later．”（NMET 1999） A．read B．reads C．to read D．reading（Key：D） （2）动名词作定语表示被修饰名词的用途，现在分词作定语表示被修饰名词的动作。 a swimming pool动名词作定语，a swim- ming fish现在分词作定语。 6 动词不定式作状语修饰动词、形容词，表示原因、目的和结果，分词作状语修饰动词和句子，表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随和结果。 late in the morning，Bob turned off the alarm．（NMET 2001） A．To sleep B．Sleeping C．Sleep D．Having slept（Key：A） such heavy pollution already，it may now be too late to clean up the river．（NMET 2000） A．Having suffered B．Suffering C．To suffer D．Suffered（Key：A） more attention，the trees could have grown better．（MET 1990） A．Given B．To give C．Giving D．Having given（Key：A）

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