鈡繇楷书在国内外的发展

楷书的发展 英文版~

Chinese calligraphy----Regular script

Regularscript (simplified Chinese: 楷书; traditional Chinese: 楷书; pinyin: kǎishū; Hepburn: kaisho), also called 正楷 (pinyin: zhèngkǎi), 真书 (zhēnshū), 楷体 (kǎitǐ) and 正书 (zhèngshū), is the newest of the Chinese script styles(appearingby the Cao Wei dynasty ca. 200 CE and maturing stylistically around the 7thcentury), hence most common in modern writings and publications (after the Mingand sans-serifstyles, used exclusively in print).

Fig 1. Regular script




Fig 2. Chinese characters




History
Regular script came into being between the Eastern Hàn and Cáo Wèi dynasties,and its first known master was Zhōng Yáo(sometimesalso read Zhōng Yóu; 锺繇), who lived in the E. Hàn to Cáo Wèi period, ca.151–230 CE. He is known as the “father of regular script”, and his famous worksinclude the Xuānshì Biǎo (宣示表), Jiànjìzhí Biǎo (荐季直表), and Lìmìng Biǎo (力命表). Qiu Xigui[1] describesthe script in Zhong’s Xuānshì Biǎo as:
…clearly emerging from the womb of early periodsemi-cursive script. If one were to write the tidily written variety of earlyperiod semi-cursive script in a more dignified fashion and were to useconsistently the pause technique (dùn 顿, used to reinforce the beginning or ending of a stroke)when ending horizontal strokes, a practice which already appears in early periodsemi-cursive script, and further were to make use of right-falling strokes withthick feet, the result would be a style of calligraphy like that in the"Xuān shì biǎo".





Fig 3. Chinese characters of "Regular Script"in traditional characters. Sheng Jiao Xu byChu Suiliang: calligraphy of the Kaishu style. （其数然而天地苞/乎阴阳而易识者/以其有象也阴阳/处乎天地而难穷）

However, other than a few literati, very few wrote inthis script at the time; most continued writing in neo-clerical script, or ahybrid form of semi-cursive and neo-clerical. Regular script did notbecome dominant until the early Southern and Northern Dynasties, in the5th century; this was a variety of regular script which emerged fromneo-clerical as well as from Zhong Yao's regular script, and is called"Wei regular"(魏楷 Weikai).Thus, regular script has parentage in early semi-cursive as well asneo-clerical scripts.
The script is considered to have matured stylisticallyduring the Tang Dynasty, with the most famous andoft-imitated regular script calligraphers of that period being:
· The early Tang fourgreat calligraphers (初唐四大家):
· Ouyang Xun (欧阳询)
· Yu Shinan (虞世南)
· Chu Suiliang (褚遂良)
· Xue Ji (薛稷)
· "Yan-Liu"("颜柳")
· Yan Zhenqing (颜真卿)
· Liu Gongquan (柳公权)

Characteristics
Regular script characters with width (or length) largerthan 5 cm (2 in) is usually considered larger regular script, or dakai (大楷), and those smaller than 2 cm (0.8 in) usually smallregular script, or xiaokai (小楷). Those in between are usually called medium regularscript, or zhongkai (中楷). What these are relative to other characters. The Eight Principles of Yong are said tocontain a variety of most of the strokes found in regular script.
Notable writings in regular script include:
· The Records of YaoBoduo Sculpturing (姚伯多造像记)during the Southern and Northern Dynasties
· The Tablet of GuangwuGeneral (广武将军碑) during the Southern and Northern Dynasties
· The Tablet of LongzangTemple (龙藏寺碑) of the Sui Dynasty
· Tombstone-Record ofSui Xiaoci (蘇孝慈墓志) of the Sui Dynasty
· Tombstone-Record ofBeauty Tong (董美人墓志) of the Sui Dynasty
· Sweet Spring atJiucheng Palace (九成宫醴泉铭) of the Tang Dynasty
Derivatives
· Imitation Song typefaces (Chinese: 仿宋体; pinyin: fǎngSòngtǐ) are typefaces based on a printed style which developed in the Song dynasty,from which Ming typefaces developed.
· The most commonprinted typeface styles Ming and sans-serif are based on the structureof regular script.
· The Japanese textbooktypefaces (教科书体; Hepburn: kyōkashotai) are based on regularscript, but modified so that they appear to be written with a pencil or pen. They also follow thestandardized character forms prescribed in the Jōyō kanji.
· Zhuyin Fuhao characters,although not true Chinese characters, are virtually always written with regularscript strokes.
·

楷书是唐代的

国外研究的人挺多的！

钟繇（yáo，一作yóu）（151年－230年），字元常。颍川长社（今河南许昌长葛东）人。三国时期曹魏著名书法家、政治家。

早年相貌不凡，聪慧过人。历任尚书郎、黄门侍郎等职，助汉献帝东归有功，封东武亭侯。后被曹操委以重任，为司隶校尉，镇守关中，功勋卓著。以功迁前军师。魏国建立，任大理，又升为相国。曹丕称帝，为廷尉，进封崇高乡侯。后迁太尉，转封平阳乡侯。与华歆、王朗并为三公。明帝继位，迁太傅，进封定陵侯。太和四年（230年）卒，谥曰成。

钟繇在书法方面颇有造诣，是楷书（小楷）的创始人，被后世尊为“楷书鼻祖”。钟繇对后世书法影响深远，王羲之等后世书法家都曾经潜心钻研学习钟繇书法。与东晋书法家王羲之并称为“钟王”。南朝庾肩吾将钟繇的书法列为“上品之上”，唐张怀瓘在《书断》中则评其书法为“神品”。

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斗门区19812329083： 钟繇小楷的历史意义 - ？
彘雷女金： 钟繇所处的时期,正是汉字由隶书向楷书演变并接近完成的时期.在完成汉字的这个重要的演变过程中,钟繇继往开来,起了有力的推动作用. 钟繇在中国书法史上影响很大,历来都认为他是中国书史之祖.他在书法史上首定楷书,对汉字的发展有重要贡献.

斗门区19812329083： 钟繇小楷对后代书学的影响 - ？
彘雷女金： 钟繇的小楷算是小楷鼻祖级别的,后来的王羲之等都有取法钟繇,个人认为钟繇的小楷地位是无法取代的,对后世的影响也是巨大的,在《小楷经典字帖十种》一文中,作者把钟繇的小楷字帖列为第一.

斗门区19812329083： 钟繇在书法方面作出了怎样的贡献? ？
彘雷女金： 最早的楷书革新家是魏书法家钟繇(151—230).字元常,三国时颍川长社(今河南长葛县)人,历任太傅,封定陵侯.擅长隶书、楷 书.行书.能博取众长,对书法的章法和结体有 深人周密的研究、其楷书笔法和结体上带有浓厚 的隶书气息,风格古朴,被历代奉为楷模.北宋《宣和书谱》誉为备尽法度,为正书之祖.与东汉 张芝、东晋王羲之、王献之合称为书中四贤;又 同王羲之并称锺王.书迹古临本有《荐季直表》毁于民国年间,只有影印本传世.刻帖有《宣示 表》为代表作品;《贺捷表》又名《戎路表》、《贺剣捷表》,书于建安二十四年(219年),保留许 多隶书笔意,为隶楷递变过程中的书体,是其最具特色的作品.

斗门区19812329083： 钟繇在书法上的成就有哪些? ？
彘雷女金： 钟繇是楷书书法的早期集大成者,其书从学习汉隶入,改进了“蚕头磔尾”的写法,使字形更为方正平直、简单易写,点画多奇趣,结体茂密而修长,飘逸萧疏.钟繇(...

斗门区19812329083： 为什么说钟繇是“楷书之祖”? - ？
彘雷女金： 楷书在我国各种书体中是最重要的一种.它既有很高的艺术欣赏价值,又长期是我国通行的规范化字体.楷书的创建者,是三国时的钟繇(151~230).善于变革的钟繇,搜集了民间的写法,研究了章草的快速笔法,在隶书端庄优美的字形基础上,统一了隶书所有的横;用竖直工整的撇、捺,代替了曲圆、拖展的隶书撇、捺;加强了钩势,一种新的字体诞生了.由于它形体方正,横平竖直,规规矩矩,所以被叫做“楷书”(当时叫“楷隶” ).钟繇也就理所应当的被称为“楷书之祖”了.

斗门区19812329083： 钟繇书法的艺术特点有哪些? - ？
彘雷女金： 钟繇书法的艺术特点有三点:一是保留隶书的笔风,体势偏古;二是天然质朴,无刻意勾画之处,浑然天成,是刻意求工的书家无法比拟的;三是字的结构与布局错落有致,章法茂密幽深,除了字体本身流畅俊秀外,字外也有耐人寻味的异趣.

斗门区19812329083： 钟繇的书法怎么样? ？
彘雷女金： 钟繇的书法在历史上有着重要的地位.他在书体上进行新的探索,在用笔、结体上都赋予了新的审美趣味.并首先把楷书引入士族文化圈,大致完善了楷书体格,使其与草...

斗门区19812329083： 钟繇、王羲之体系在书法史上有哪些出名的书法家? - ？
彘雷女金： 钟繇,擅篆、隶、真、行、草多种书体,推动了楷书(小楷)的发展,被后世尊为“楷书鼻祖”.钟繇保留了很多隶书用笔,结体更古拙、高古.王羲之等人都曾经潜心钻研其书法. 王羲之作为一个书法革新家,其主要成就表现在行书和草书方面,他继承了张草,改进了钟楷,开创了行书的崭新面貌,并被誉为“书圣”.王羲之的书法更遒美,更接近今楷一些 . 钟繇,王羲之共同树立了楷书行书草书美的典范,此后历代学习书法者都以“钟王”为宗法.有名的书法家太多了,比如赵孟頫,杨维桢等等等

斗门区19812329083： 王羲之推崇的“楷书鼻祖”钟繇到底有多强 - ？
彘雷女金： 钟繇(151-230),字元常,颍川长社(今河南许昌长葛东)人.三国时期曹魏著名书法家、政治家.官至太傅,魏文帝时与当时的名士华歆、王朗并为三公,有二子:钟毓、钟会.钟繇在书法方面颇有造诣,是楷书(小楷)的创始人,被后世尊为“楷书鼻祖”.钟繇对后世书法影响深远,王羲之等后世书法家都曾经潜心钻研学习钟繇书法.钟繇与晋代书法家王羲之并称为“钟王”.

斗门区19812329083： 被誉为正书之祖的书法家 - ？
彘雷女金： 三国时期的书法家钟繇擅长楷书,他的小楷作品《宣示表》,被后人誉为“正书之祖”...