when,if,that,why,what的用法和区别

作者&投稿:夫翰 (若有异议请与网页底部的电邮联系)
when,if,that,why,what的用法和区别~

这里只说从句的。
都可以引导名词性语从句。that和if都在宾语从句中不作成分,if表示“是否”,that不表示任何词意。when,why和what一般在从句中作一定的成分,如when在从句中一般作时间状语;why一般作原因状语,what一般作主语或宾语等。
if不可以引导定语从句。其他均可以引导定语从句,还代替先行词,在从句中担任一定的句子成分。
除that外,均可以引导状语从句。

when
adv. 什么时候(用于询问时间);当时
conj. 在…时;既然;如果
pron. 什么时候;那时

why
adv. (用于询问原因)为什么;为何;(反问,表示不必)何必;(说明理由)为...
int. 呵唷,哎呀,嗨
n. 理由;原因;说明;难解的问题

what
pron. (用以询问某人或某事物)什么,多少;…的事物
adj. …的(事物或人)
adv. (用于感叹句中)

这几个词都可以引导名词性从句。
一、 引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连接词:that,whether,if (不充当从句的任何成分)
连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.
连接副词:when, where, how, why
不可省略的连词:
1. 介词后的连词
2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.比较:whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。 但在下列情况下,whether 不能被if 取代:
1. whether引导主语从句且在句首,如:Whether he will come is not clear.
2. 引导表语从句
3. whether从句作介词宾语 4
从句后有"or not" 大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用 it充当形式主语。 It is not important who will go. It is still unknown which team will win the match
二、名词性that-从句
1)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。 That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语,例如:
主语:That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。 宾语:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。 表语:The fact is that he has not
been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。 同位语: The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 近来谁也没有见过他,这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。 形容词宾语:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job. 你对工作满意我感到很高兴。
2)That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末,例如:
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。
It's a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。 用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系: a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句
It is necessary that… 有必要……
It is important that… 重要的是……
It is obvious that… 很明显……
b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句
It is believed that… 人们相信……
It is known to all that… 众所周知……
It has been decided that… 已决定……
c. It + be +名词+ that-从句
It is common knowledge that… ……是常识
It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是……
It is a fact that… 事实是……
d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句
It appears that… 似乎……
It happens that… 碰巧……
It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……
三、 名词性wh-从句
1)由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom, whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外,还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等,例如:
主语: How the book will sell depends on its author. 书销售如何取决于作者本人。
直接宾语:In one's own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲。
间接宾语:The club will give whoever wins a prize. 俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。
表语: My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。 宾语补足语:She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。
同位语: I have no idea when he will return. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
形容词宾语:I'm not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。
介词宾语: That depends on where we shall go. 那取决于我们去哪儿。
2)Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语,而将wh-从句置于句末,例如:
It is not yet decided who will do that job. 还没决定谁做这项工作。
It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明。
四、 if, whether引导的名词从句
1)yes-no型疑问从句
从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的,因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句,其功能和wh-从句的功能相同,例如:
主语:Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有待证实。
宾语:Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。
表语:The point is whether we should lend him the money. 问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。
同位语:They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 他们调查他是否值得信赖。
形容词宾语: She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她怀疑我们是否能够前来。
介词宾语: I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。
2)选择性疑问从句
选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whether…or not构成,例如:
Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。
I don't care whether you like the plan or not. 我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。
五、 否定转移
1) 将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。
I don't think I know you. 我想我并不认识你。
I don' t believe he will come. 我相信他不回来。
注意:若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。 I hope you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病吧。
2) 将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。
It doesn't seem that they know where to go. 看来他们不知道往哪去。
It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow. 看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。
3) 有时将动名词,介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。
I don't remember having ever seen such a man. 我记得从未见过这样一个人。
(not否定动名词短语 having…) It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange
characters on the street. 在这里,人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。 (anyone 作主语,从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。)
4) 有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。
The ant is not gathering this for itself alone. (否定状语) 蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。
He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. (否定because状语)
他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何,就轻信此事。
She had not been married many weeks when that man's younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty. (否定状语many weeks) 她结婚还不到几个月,这个人的弟弟就看见她了,并对她的美貌着了迷。
这几个词都可以引导名词性从句。
一、 引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连接词:that,whether,if (不充当从句的任何成分)
连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.
连接副词:when, where, how, why
不可省略的连词:
1. 介词后的连词
2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.比较:whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。 但在下列情况下,whether 不能被if 取代:
1. whether引导主语从句且在句首,如:Whether he will come is not clear.
2. 引导表语从句
3. whether从句作介词宾语 4
从句后有"or not" 大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用 it充当形式主语。 It is not important who will go. It is still unknown which team will win the match
二、名词性that-从句
1)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。 That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语,例如:
主语:That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。 宾语:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。 表语:The fact is that he has not
been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。 同位语: The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 近来谁也没有见过他,这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。 形容词宾语:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job. 你对工作满意我感到很高兴。
2)That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末,例如:
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。
It's a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。 用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系: a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句
It is necessary that… 有必要……
It is important that… 重要的是……
It is obvious that… 很明显……
b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句
It is believed that… 人们相信……
It is known to all that… 众所周知……
It has been decided that… 已决定……
c. It + be +名词+ that-从句
It is common knowledge that… ……是常识
It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是……
It is a fact that… 事实是……
d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句
It appears that… 似乎……
It happens that… 碰巧……
It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……
三、 名词性wh-从句
1)由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom, whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外,还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等,例如:
主语: How the book will sell depends on its author. 书销售如何取决于作者本人。
直接宾语:In one's own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲。
间接宾语:The club will give whoever wins a prize. 俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。
表语: My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。 宾语补足语:She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。
同位语: I have no idea when he will return. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
形容词宾语:I'm not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。
介词宾语: That depends on where we shall go. 那取决于我们去哪儿。
2)Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语,而将wh-从句置于句末,例如:
It is not yet decided who will do that job. 还没决定谁做这项工作。
It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明。
四、 if, whether引导的名词从句
1)yes-no型疑问从句
从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的,因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句,其功能和wh-从句的功能相同,例如:
主语:Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有待证实。
宾语:Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。
表语:The point is whether we should lend him the money. 问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。
同位语:They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 他们调查他是否值得信赖。
形容词宾语: She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她怀疑我们是否能够前来。
介词宾语: I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。
2)选择性疑问从句
选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whether…or not构成,例如:
Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。
I don't care whether you like the plan or not. 我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。
五、 否定转移
1) 将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。
I don't think I know you. 我想我并不认识你。
I don' t believe he will come. 我相信他不回来。
注意:若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。 I hope you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病吧。
2) 将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。
It doesn't seem that they know where to go. 看来他们不知道往哪去。
It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow. 看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。
3) 有时将动名词,介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。
I don't remember having ever seen such a man. 我记得从未见过这样一个人。
(not否定动名词短语 having…) It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange
characters on the street. 在这里,人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。 (anyone 作主语,从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。)
4) 有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。
The ant is not gathering this for itself alone. (否定状语) 蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。
He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. (否定because状语)
他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何,就轻信此事。
She had not been married many weeks when that man's younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty. (否定状语many weeks) 她结婚还不到几个月,这个人的弟弟就看见她了,并对她的美貌着了迷。

这是个较大的问题。但是其实不必纠结于此,因为这些词的用法取决于其所引导的从句。比如when可以引导状语从句,此时when只有连接作用;when也可以引导名词性从句,此时不仅起连接作用,而且还在从句中担任一个成分;还有that也是如此,引导名词性从句,定语从句时其作用也不同。
因此最重要的是搞懂三大从句的结构本身,而不是只分析这几个词的用法而已

when是问时间的。 if 是如果
that是那个 。 wht 是为什么 what是什么

这么大的问题,还是去看语法书吧,既详细又权威。


为什么worthy中的th发音不像大多数都单词发音,例如,healthy,wealthy_百 ...
类似的例子还有:bath\/bathe cloth\/clothe health\/healthen south\/southern 这些词有个特点,就是加词尾变成另一个词。但在语言的演变中它们为什么从清辅音变为浊辅音我们却不得而知。这不是最离谱的,更离谱的是古英语中一些th在现代英语中已经演变为d。如最迟到16世纪,英语中berthen(old)变成...

歌词是one two put on your shose, three four open th
 Five six, Pick  up   the  sticks .  Seven eight, close the  door.  Nine  ten , catch  the hen 。

th USA 和 the United States的the发音是什么?
sound as in won.)The RSPCA and the NSPCC are concerned about the protection of animals and the prevention of cruelty to children. (Note that the R in RSPCA starts with a vowel sound as in car or far and that the N in NSPCC also starts with a vowel sound as men or hen...

英语作文带翻译
some bad news.The good news is that I have a home page:how happy am I.The bad news is the computer gamncik wrong.I can't play computer game these days.It's the worse for me.dinle to my homepage I wish whom could give me a right adm(you are in sleep).hen hen....

英语日记80字要八篇
good news is that I have a home page: how happy am I. The bad news is the computer game cd-rom is wrong. I can’t play computer game these days. It’s the worse for me. Welcome to my homepage I wish whom could give me a right cd-rom(you are in sleep).hen hen...

海曙区17775795422: when,if,that,why,what的用法和区别 -
杨沸惠迪: 这里只说从句的. 都可以引导名词性语从句.that和if都在宾语从句中不作成分,if表示“是否”,that不表示任何词意.when,why和what一般在从句中作一定的成分,如when在从句中一般作时间状语;why一般作原因状语,what一般作主语或宾语等. if不可以引导定语从句.其他均可以引导定语从句,还代替先行词,在从句中担任一定的句子成分. 除that外,均可以引导状语从句.

海曙区17775795422: 用 when , if , that , why 或 what 填空. -
杨沸惠迪: when 我不确定我什么时候会到北京.if 苏菲想要知道你是否需要她帮忙.that 恐怕我约会要迟到了.what 我妈妈问我在房间里做什么.that 他说他买得起那个车.what 我想知道你在写什么.why 老师问你为什么又迟到了.if 汤姆想知道今天冷不冷.when 我爸爸问我什么时候回家.when 他想知道杰克昨天几点去洗澡的.

海曙区17775795422: 关系代词that who whom whose which 和关系副词where when why的用法如何区分? -
杨沸惠迪: 在定语从句中 1、关系代词:who, whom, which, that, whose 指人:who, whom, whose, that 指物:which, that,whose 2、关系副词:when,where,why ★当从句的句子完整时,用关系副词; 当从句的句子不完整时,用关系代词. (关系代词+介词in...

海曙区17775795422: My mother asks( )I will come back home for dinner.用if,when,that.why或what填空 -
杨沸惠迪:[答案] when 请及时采纳,多谢!

海曙区17775795422: what which that how when 分别在从句中的用法和表示什么 -
杨沸惠迪: 分别表示: what对物体提问,意思是什么 how对方式提问,意思是怎样,也可引导感叹句 which意思是哪一个 when对时间提问 that一般引导宾语从句和定语从句what、who、when、where、why、how、which、whom、whose——疑问词引导从...

海曙区17775795422: 宾语从句连接词if 和that 问题 -
杨沸惠迪: 这样说吧,你以前理解不正确.因为英语在有的情况下是通过主句来表达整个句子的意思,从句只是作为主句的补充.举个简单例子:I don't think you're right.(正确语法)I think you're not right.(错误语法) 此处的主句是否定句,从句you're ...

海曙区17775795422: 选择题怎么分辨是什么从句 -
杨沸惠迪: 答:从句是一个句子.只是在主句中充当一个句子的成分,相对主句而言就是从句. 从句有一个标志,这就是引导词.特殊情况下可以省略. 按从句在句子中的作用,可分三大类: 一、名词性从句.这个从句在主句中起作名词所起的作用,所...

海曙区17775795422: I am not sure( )Iwill finish my homework.用if,when,that.why或what填空 -
杨沸惠迪:[答案] if

海曙区17775795422: 在定语从句中,that which when分别要怎么用? -
杨沸惠迪: 定语从句引导词分为关系代词和关系副词 关系代词是代指人 物有that 指人 物which指物 who指人 whose谁的关系副词有when where why 分别表示时间 地点 原因首先...

海曙区17775795422: 定语从句引导词what和when的区别 -
杨沸惠迪: what是名词性从句的引导词,定语从句中不能用的.另外作疑问代词的what在名词性从句中做引导词充当的主语或者宾语,而作疑问副词的when在定语从句及名词性从句中做状语.

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