考研英语中that作限定词或代词的用法
考研英语中that作限定词或代词的用法
摘要:that是英语中十分常见的单词,用法灵活多样,是英语中最常用的词汇之一。正因为它是我们认为自己最熟悉的单词,反而容易忽视它。在考研英语中,对 that的考查包括三个方面:(1)that作指示代词的用法;(2)that作连词引导各类从句时,需要准确辨别从句类型。
that作限定词或代词
that可以作限定词或代词连接名词或名词短语,也可单独使用,用以指代人或者物。此外,that不仅可以指代单独的人或物,还可以指代一句话。
例:Furthermore, in the early days of long line fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now. [2006, text3]
分析:
A.分析句子结构。Furthermore, in the early days of long line fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks //after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, //because there are fewer sharks around now.
第一个句子的主句为a lot of fish were lost to sharks,介词短语in the early days of long line fishing作状语,after引导时间状语从句。第二个句子主句是That is no longer a problem, that为代词,because引导原因状语从句。
B.分析that指代。that指代第一句话,“a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked”,其中after引导时间状语从句。
C.译文:而且,在使用多钩长线捕鱼的初期,许多鱼被钩住后又被鲨鱼夺走。这不再是一个问题,因为附近的鲨鱼更少了。
that作副词表示程度,相当于so
例:It isn’t all that cold.天没有那么冷。
that作连词引导各类从句
(一)that引导名词性从句
that后面连接一个完整的陈述句,可以位于主语、宾语、表语或同位语的位置,分别引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。此时,that没有实意,而且不在从句中做任何成分。that引导主语从句和同位语从句时不可以省略。
例1:That the plates are movingis now beyond dispute.(主语从句)
地球板块是在漂移的,这一事实毋庸置疑。
例2:The truth isthat everyone should take care of orphan, not just the authorities.(表语从句)
事实是,所有人都应该照顾孤儿,而不仅仅是完全由政府承担。
例3:All people believedthat it was right to rescue the temple.(宾语从句)(注:that可以省略)
所有人都认为拯救古庙是正确的。
例4:The students expressed their hopethat they could be admitted by that university.(同位语从句)
学生们表达了他们向被这所大学录取的愿望。
(二)that引导定语从句
that引导定语从句,在从句中充当主语、表语或者宾语,既可以指代人,也可以指代物。that在定语从句中作宾语时,引导词that可以省略。
例1:The professor that you admire most will visit our university next month.
你敬仰的`那个教授下月会到我们学校参观。
例2:This is one of the subways that will be put into use in two years.
这是未来两年内将开通的地铁之一。
例3:I have nothing that is worth reading.
我没有什么值得一读的东西。
(注:当先行词中有不定代词、形容词最高级、序数词或者先行词被the only,the very等限定词修饰等情况下,定语从句引导词也只能用that。)
(三)that与其他单词结合引导状语从句
that可以和其他单词结构共同引导状语从句,例如such...that,so...that等引导结果状语从句,in order that,so that等引导目的状语从句,in that,now that,on the grounds that等引导原因状语从句,suppose/supposing/assume/assuming/provided/providing that,on condition that等引导条件状语从句等。
例1:She has madesuchrapid progressthatbefore long she could pass the exam.
她进步很快,不久就能通过考试的。
例2:You should make full use of this opportunityso thatyou can get rich experience.
你应该充分利用这次机会,以便获得丰富的经验。
例3:Supposing thatyou were in my position, what would you do?
如果你在我的位置,你会怎么做?
例4:On condition thatyou were lost in the desert, you should ask for help as soon as possible.
如果你在沙漠中迷路,你应该尽早寻求帮助。
(四)that引导强调句
“It is/was+被强调部分+that从句”是高频使用的一种强调句型,其中被强调部分可以作从句的主语、宾语和状语等。强调句中去掉“it is/was”和“that”后,句子成分和语义仍然完整。
例:It was after the war was over that Einstein was able to come back to his research work again.
战争结束后爱因斯坦才能重新进行他的研究工作。
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