英语spent ，cost，pay for，take当花费时的用法和不同？
spend,take,cost和pay的用法
这四个词都有花费的意思。cost指花钱、时间、劳力等；take主要指花时间；pay指花钱；spend指花时间、钱等。
cost常以事物做主语，而不以人作主语。初中阶段关于“花钱”，“花费时间”的词常见的有以下五个：buy，cost，pay（for），spend和take。很多学生对这几个词的词义和用法似懂非懂，用起来往往出错。其实这些词都与钱物有关，与时间有关的只有take和spend。下面具体谈一谈其用法：
1．buy，get也可表示此意，给某人买东西、饭、饮料等，主语是人。其常见结构为to
buy
sb．sth．或to
buy
sth．for
sb．
i
bought
this
book
for
15yuan．
would
you
please
buy
me
a
dictionary？
let
me
buy
／get
you
a
drink．
buy
one
for
me．
2．cost指花钱，表示价值或代价（此代价可以是时间）。主语是事或物或动词不定式短语。
其常见结构是to
cost
sb．some
money。
the
book
costs
50
fen．
the
dictionary
cost
me
6yuan．
the
work
costs
much
time
and
labour．
3．pay（for），pay表示付给人家钱、帐单等；pay
for表示买东西付款，也表示替别人付钱。主语是人。其常见结构是to
pay
sb．some
money，pay
money
for
sth．
you
must
pay
me
100yuan
a
week
for
your
meals．
i
have
paid
all
my
debts．
how
much
did
you
pay
for
that
book？
don't
worry
about
money．i'll
pay
for
you．
4．spend指花钱，花费时间。主语是人。其常见结构分别为to
spend
money
on
sth．，spend
time（in）doing
sth．。
i
spent
six
yuan
on
a
new
dictionary．
—how
do
you
spend
your
spare
time？
—i
spend
my
spare
time
writing
books．
5．take指花钱（＝cost）
it
takes/costs
me
a
lot
of
money
to
buy
a
big
house．
=
to
buy
a
big
house
takes/costs
me
a
lot
of
money.
take用来说明做某事需要多少时间，有三种不同的结构：
1）主语是人
i
took
half
an
hour
to
get
home
yesterday．
she
took
the
whole
day
to
read
the
novel．
2）主语是某种活动
the
journey
took
me
half
an
hour．
reading
the
novel
took
her
the
whole
day．
3）用形式主语it
it
took
me
half
an
hour
to
get
home
yesterday．
it
takes
much
time
to
do
the
shopping．
试看“我六元钱买了一本词典”的不同译法：
a．i
bought
the
dictionary
for
six
yuan．
b．the
dictionary
cost
me
6yuan．
c．i
paid
six
yuan
for
the
dictionary．
d．i
spent
six
yuan
on
the
dictionary．
e．it
took
me
six
yuan
to
buy
the
dictionary．
再看“读这本书花了我一整天的时间”的不同译法：
a．i
spent
the
whole
day
reading
the
book．
b．i
took
the
whole
day
to
read
the
book．
c．reading
the
book
took
me
the
whole
day．
d．it
took
me
the
whole
day
to
read
the
book．
例如：
①the
composition
cost(took)me
three
hours.
②how
much
did
the
radio
cost
you?
这台无线电花了你多少钱？(不用take)
③the
work
cost
them
much
labour.这件工作花费他们很大的劳动。
④it
took
them
over
two
years
to
build
the
bridge.
修建这座桥花了他们两年多的时间。
⑤i
spend
50
dollars
on
the
camera.买这架照相机，我花了50美元。
⑥he
often
spent
his
spare
time(in)helping
the
poor.
他经常利用业余时间帮助穷人。
【注意】如要说“这件上衣我花了20美元”，可用下列几种表达方法
the
coat
cost
me
20
dollars.
=i
spent
20
dollars
on
the
coat.
=i
paid
20
dollars
for
the
coat.
=i
bought
the
coat
for
20
dollars.
=i
bought
the
coat
at
the
price
of
20
dollars.
spend的主语必须是人，
常用于以下结构：(1)
spend
time
／money
on
sth.
在……上花费时间（金钱）。例：I
spent
two
hours
on
this
maths
problem.
这道数学题花了我两个小时。(2)
spend
time
／
money
(in)
doing
sth.
花费时间（金钱）做某事。例：They
spent
two
years
(in)
building
this
bridge.
造这座桥花了他们两年时间。(3)spend
money
for
sth.
花钱买……。例：His
money
was
spent
for
books.
他的钱用来买书了。
cost的主语是物或某种活动，
还可以表示“值”，
常见用法如下：(1)sth.
costs
(sb.)
＋金钱,某物花了（某人）多少钱。例：A
new
computer
costs
a
lot
of
money.
买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。(2)
(doing)
sth.
costs
(sb.)
＋时间,某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间。例：Remembering
these
new
words
cost
him
a
lot
of
time.
他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。
注意：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。
take后面常跟双宾语，
常见用法有以下几种：(1)
It
takes
sb.
＋时间＋to
do
sth.
做某事花了某人多少时间。例：It
took
them
three
years
to
build
this
road.
他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。(2)doing
sth.
takes
sb.
＋时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。例：Repairing
this
car
took
him
the
whole
afternoon.
他花了一下午修车。
pay的基本用法是：(1)
pay
(sb.)
money
for
sth.
付钱（给某人）买……。例：I
have
to
pay
them
20
pounds
for
this
room
each
month.
我每个月要付20英磅的房租。(2)pay
for
sth.
付……的钱。例：I
have
to
pay
for
the
book
lost.
我不得不赔丢失的书款。(3)pay
for
sb.
替某人付钱。例：Don?蒺t
worry!I'll
pay
for
you.
别担心，
我会给你付钱的。(4)pay
sb.
付钱给某人。
例:
They
pay
us
every
month.他们每月给我们报酬。（5）pay
money
back
还钱。例：May
I
borrow
12
yuan
from
you?
I'll
pay
it
back
next
week.
你能借给我12块钱吗？下周还你。（6）pay
off
one's
money还清钱。
spend/cost/pay/take
(1)spend的主语通常是人，往往用于以下句型：
（sb）spend
some
money/some
time
on
sth.
(sb)spend
some
money/some
time(in)doing
sth.例如：
I
spent
fifty
yuan
on
the
coat.
=
I
spent
fifty
yuan
(in)
buying
the
coat.
我花50元买了这件大衣。
He
spent
three
days
on
the
work.
=
He
spend
three
days
(in)
doing
the
work.
我干这项工作用了3天。
(2)take常用于“占用、花费”时间，其主语通常为形式主语“it”或物。句式是：
It
takes/took
sb.some
time
to
do
sth＝Sth.takes
sb.some
time.
例如：
It
took
me
three
years
to
draw
the
beautiful
horses.
画这些漂亮的马花费了我3年时间。
The
work
will
take
me
two
days.这项工作花了2天时间。
(3)
pay为“付款、赔偿”之意，主语通常是人，往往是sb.
pays
some
money
for
sth或pay
sb.(some
money
for
sth)
例如：
I
paid
fifty
yuan
for
the
coat.我花50元买了这件大衣。
He
has
paid
the
doctor
50
pounds
for
the
medicine?
他买药已付医生50英镑。
How
much
did
you
pay
him?
你付他多少钱？
(4)
cost的主语必须是某物。spend
…
on
sth．/in
doing
sth．的主语必须是人。pay
…
for
的主语也是人。It
takes
+
sb．+
时间（或钱）to
do
sth．的主语则必须是形式主语It。
动词cost的常用用法是sth.cost
(sb.)
some
money。
如：The
dictionary
cost
me
£
20.
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