用英语介绍篮球的知识

用英文介绍篮球~

The world's greatest sport ever. But of course, it hasn't been around since the world began. No, somebody had to have invented it. And that somebody would be James Naismith.
Born in Almonte, Ontario, Canada, this Canadian Gym Teacher and Physician would soon be the founder of basketball. It all started in December of 1891. Naismith was teaching in Springfield, Massachusetts and was asked by Luther H. Gulick, the Headmaster of the school for Christian Works to make a new sport. The main idea of the sport was mainly to be played inside when it was too cold to go outside. The new sport also had to keep athletes in their top conditions between the baseball and football season. Naismith began to work. The first game-ball was a soccer ball.
The first baskets were peach baskets that Naismith cleverly thought of hanging on the wall. From there, the legacy of basketball began. Originally, there was 9 men to each team, but the objective was still the same; to pass the ball to other players on your team and put the ball in the opposing team's net, or basket back then. From there, basketball caught on like a wildfire.
During 1885 highschools and colleges began to adopt the game, and by 1898, the first Pro. League was founded. After the first game played, Naismith drafted 13 rules and regulations, but many more were yet to come. The hoops we know today were invented in 1906. They were steel, with a net hanging from its rim.
翻译:篮球被誉为世界上最伟大的运动之一。篮球的发明者是James Naismith。1891年，James Naismith在马塞诸塞当体育老师的时候，校长让他为基督教想出一种运动，这种运动一定要在室内进行，运动员在比赛时还要有棒球和足球比赛时的激情。经过思考，他想出了一个办法：在墙上挂网子，然后把球扔向这个用网子做的篮子里，篮球运动由此而生。最初，参加篮球比赛的每个队伍有9个队员，比赛规则是：球员把球传给本队队员，然后将球投向对方的筐子里。直到1898年，第一支专业篮球队成立。

如何学好英语:
一、“心到”。在课堂上应聚精会神，一刻也不能懈怠，大脑要始终处于积极状态，思维要活跃、思路要开阔，心随老师走，听懂每一句话，抓住每一个环节，理解每一个知识点，多联想、多思考，做到心领神会。
二、“手到”。学英语，一定要做课堂笔记。因为人的记忆力是有限的，人不可能都过目不忘，记忆本身就是不断与遗忘作斗争的过程。常言说，“好脑筋不如烂笔头”。老师讲的知识可能在课堂上记住了，可是过了一段时间，就会忘记，所以，做好笔记很有必要。英语知识也是一点点积累起来的，学到的每一个单词、词组以及句型结构，都记在笔记本上，甚至是书的空白处或字里行间，这对以后的复习巩固都是非常方便的。
三、“耳到”。在课堂上，认真听讲是十分必要的，不但要专心听老师对知识的讲解，而且要认真听老师说英语的语音、语调、重音、连读、失去爆破、断句等发音要领，以便培养自己纯正地道的英语口语。听见听懂老师传授的每一个知识点，在头脑里形成反馈以帮助记忆；理解领会老师提出的问题，以便迅速作答，对比同学对问题的回答，以加深对问题的理解而取别人之长补自己之短。
四、“眼到”。在认真听讲的同时，还要双眼紧随老师观察老师的动作、口形、表情、板书、绘图、教具展示等。大脑里形成的视觉信息和听觉信息相结合，印象就会更加深刻。
五、“口到”。学习语言，不张嘴不动口是学不好的，同学们最大的毛病是读书不出声，害羞不敢张嘴。尤其是早读课，同学们只是用眼看或默读，这样就只有视觉信息，而没有听觉信息在大脑里的反馈，当然记忆也不会太深刻，口部肌肉也得不到锻炼，也就很难练就一口纯正的英语。所以，要充分利用早晨头脑清醒的时间，大声朗读；课堂上要勇跃回答老师提问、积极参与同学间讨论和辩论，课下对不清楚的问题及时提出，要克服害羞心理，不耻下问。

Points: 得分 Rebounds:篮板
steals:断球 block shots:盖帽
foul:犯规 Assists:助攻
3 point: 三分球 free shot: 罚球
offensive:进攻 defensive:防守
turn over: 失误 DNP: 未出场
technical foul: 技术犯规
forward(F):前锋 power forward:强力前锋
small forward:小前锋 guard(G):后卫 center(C):中锋
coach: 教练 player:球员
rookie:新秀 draft:选秀
all-star weekend:全明星周末
regular season: 常规赛季
playoffs:季后赛 rosters:队员名单 Eastern Conference:东部联盟
final:决赛 legue:联盟
MIN=minutes 出场时间
FG=field goals 命中次数(不含罚球)
FGA=field goal attempts 出手次数
3P=3-points 3分球
3PA=3-point attempts 远投出手次数
FT=free throws 罚球命中次数
FTA=free throw attempts 罚球次数
OR=offensive rebounds 前场篮板球(攻进篮板球)
TOT=total rebounds 篮板球总数
A=assists 助攻
DR=defensive rebounds 后场篮板球(防守篮板球)
PF=personal fouls 个人犯规
ST=Steals 抢断 TO=turnovers 失误
BS=block shots 盖帽 PTS=points 得分
3P% 三分球命中率 3PM 三分球成功数
3PM-A 三分球投中/投球次数 APG 单场平均助攻次数
AST 助攻次数 AVG 单场平均得分
BLK 蓝板球数 FG 投篮成功次数
FG% 投篮命中率（不包括罚球） FGM-A 投中次数
FT 罚蓝成功数 FT% 罚球命中率
FTM-A 罚球中数 F 前锋
G 后卫 C 中锋
G-F 后卫型前锋 F-G 小前锋
G 上场次数 HI 本赛季单场最高得分MIN 总出场时间 MPG 每场得分
PF 犯规次数 PPG 平均得分PTS 总得分 ST 抢断
扣篮(Dunk
运球突破(Drive
投空(Air Ball
助攻(Assist
后场(Back Court
端线运球(Baseline Orlue
篮(Basket
篮板球挡人(Blocking out
盒形挡人(Boxing ont
身前换手运球(Cross-over Dribble
切入(Cut)
死球(Dead Ball
夹击(Double team)
底线(Endline
假动作(Fake
投球中篮(Field goal
罚球(Free throw
前场(Front Court
全场紧逼(Full-Court Press
半场紧逼(Half-court Press
争球(Held Ball
高命中率投球(High peruntage Shot
跳球(Jump ball
罚球区(Key
“L“形切入(L cut
盯人(Match up
一打一(One on One
一防一(One to One
移动选择(Options
外围投篮(Outside shot
决胜期(Over-time
组织后卫(Point Guard
篮板球(Rebound
后撤防守(Sag
掩护(Screen
做进攻姿态(Square up
抢断球(Steal
投空心篮(Swish shot
换防(Switch
掷界外球(Throw-in
跳起争球(Tip-off
带球跑(Traveling)
由攻转守(Turnover
“V“形切(V cut
弱侧(Weak side ):球场上进攻队无球的一侧.
区域联防(Zore defence):每位防守队员防守一定区域的防守战术.小篮球和NBA比赛时,不允许采用这种战

1891年12月初在美国马萨诸塞州斯普林菲尔德市基督教青年会国际训练学校（后为春田学院），由该校体育教师詹姆斯·奈史密斯博士发明，当年的篮球规则只有13条，奈史密斯博士于1939年去世，终年78岁。他未曾料到，由他创建的篮球项目竟然在二百多个国家流传市面着，而且至今美国篮球还誉满全球。 为了纪念奈史密斯博士发明的篮球的功绩，在春田学院校园内修建了美国篮球名人馆—詹姆斯·奈史密斯纪念馆。

起初，奈史密斯将两只桃篮别钉在键身房内看台的栏杆上，桃篮上沿距离地面3.04米，用足球作比赛工具，向篮投掷。投球入篮得１分，按得分多少决定胜负。每次投球进篮后，要爬梯子将球取出再重新开始比赛。以后逐步将竹篮改为活底的铁篮，再改为铁圈下面挂网。

到１８９３年，形成近似现代的篮板、篮圈和篮网。最初的篮球比赛，对上场人数、场地大小，比赛时间均无严格限制。只需双方参加比赛的人数必须相等。比赛开始，双方队员分别站在两端线外，裁判员鸣哨并将球掷向球场中间，双方跑向场内抢球，开始比赛。持球者可以抱着球跑向篮下投篮，首先达到预定分数者为胜。 １８９２年，奈史密斯制定了１３条比赛规则，主要规定是不准持球跑，不准有粗野动作，不准用拳击球，否则即判犯规连续３次犯规判负１分；比赛时间规定为上、下半时，各１５分钟；对场地大小也作了规定。上场比赛人数逐步缩减为每队１０人、９人、７人，１８９３年定为每队上场５人。

Early in December 1891 in the U.S. city of Springfield, Mass. Young Men's Christian Association of the International Training School (later to Springfield College), from the school physical education teachers, Dr. James Naismith invented, then only 13 of the rules of basketball, Dr. Naismith 1939 death of 78-year-old throughout the year. He never thought he created basketball in more than 200 countries have been on the market, but also has American Basketball Awards. To commemorate Dr. Naismith invented basketball achievements in the Springfield College campus built in the United States Basketball Hall of Fame - James Naismith Memorial Hall.

At first, the Naismith nailed two peach baskets in the other room keys are on the railing of the stands, the peach basket on the ground along the distance 3.04 meters, with football as a tool game, throwing to the basket. Have a ball into the basket, how many points decided by the outcome. Each ball into the basket, Pa Tizi the ball out to be re-started race. After the baskets will be gradually replaced by live at the end of the iron basket, and then read the following Tiequan linked network.

In 1893 to form a modern approximation of the rebounds, and the Nets ring. The original game of basketball, playing on the number, size of the venue, the game was no strict time limit. Just the two sides to participate in the competition must be equal to the number of people. Game, the two players were standing on both ends of the line, and referee Mingshao seen hurling the ball in the middle course, both inside and ran toward the ball, the game started. Ball can be shot with the ball and ran toward the basket, first of all achieve the target score for victory.In 1892, Naismith developed 13 rules, the main provisions of the ball are not allowed to run, are not allowed to have a rough actions are not allowed to use the ball in boxing, this would be in consecutive sentence fouls 3 fouls a negative sub-contractors; time for the game , The second half, 15 minutes; on the size of the venues are on. Gradually reduce the number of people playing games for each team and 10, 9, 7, 1893 as each team playing 5.

篮球运动是1891年起源于美国，由美国马萨诸塞州斯普林菲尔德市 基督教青年会训练学校体育教师詹姆士�6�1奈史密斯发明的。
1936年第十一届奥运上把男子篮球列为正式竞赛项目。1976年第二十一届奥 运会上把女子篮球列为正式比赛项目

篮球比赛方法

人数
篮球比赛是在统一的规则规定下进行的。比赛在两队间进行，每队由10—12人组成，但每队上场比赛人数只限5人。

位置
根据队员在比赛中的位置，可分中锋、前锋和后卫。也可以称为内线队员和外线队员。

得分
比赛时双方力争将球投入对方球篮，并设法阻止对方获 得球和投篮，投中一球得2分，3分线外投中一球得3分，罚中一球得1分。在规定的时间内得分多的队获 胜。

时间
比赛分上、下两半时，每半时为20min,上下半场中间休息时间为10min。在比赛终了时如果双方得分相同时，可连续延长，每延长5min进行决胜期比赛。如比分再相同时，可连续延长，每延长5min后都要休息2min，直到决出胜负为止。

规则
比赛中队员侵 人犯规和技术犯规满5次就要被罚出场外，不得再参加本场比赛。如果全队上半时或下半时累加7次犯规后，就要进行1+1罚球。队员被罚出场后，场上参加比赛的队员至少要有2人才能继续比赛。

The basketball sport originated the United States in 1891, filling the state 斯普 from American MA3 SA4 ZHU LIN2 FEI ER3 would the virtuous city Christianity youth train school athletics teacher James? Smith of the 奈 is inventive.
The 11th Olympics listed as the formal contest item to man's basketball up in 1936.The 21th luck of 奥 would ascend to list as the formal event to the woman basketball in 1976

The basketball game method

Number
The basketball game carries on under the united rule provision.Game at two brigade carry on, the each brigade is constitute by 10-12 people, but each the brigade takes place to compete the number to limit 5 people only.

Position
According to the member of team in the position in the game, can divide the center forward, forward and rearguards.Can also be called the inside track member of team and outside line member of team.

Get a goal
Compete the both parties work hard for to throw in the ball into the other party ball basket, and try to keep the other party from get ball and shoot the basket, throw the medium ball to get 2 cent,3 separately hurl outside the line a ball get 3 cent, punish a ball get 1 cent.Get a goal many brigades to get to win in prescriptive time.

Time
Game cent up, next two halfs, each half hour is 20 mins, top and bottom half time in the center coffee break is 10 mins.While compete be completed if the both parties get a goal the homology, can continue the extension, prolonging the 5 mins to carry on making final bid the period game each time.Such as the score again same hour, can continue the extension, prolong the 5 mins to all want to take a rest the 2 mins behind each time, until definitely a victory or defeat.

Rule
The member of team invade the criminal rules and techniques violate the rules in the game full will be foul out the outside 5 times, can not attend again a game.If whole brigade the first half hour or second half hours will carry on one penalty of 1+ after are tired add to foul 7 times.After member of team were foul out, attend the member of team of the game on the field at least there are 2 talented persons can continue to compete.

人数.位置.得分.时间.规则
Number.Position.Get a goal.Time.Rule

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