长恨歌怎么翻译？

《长恨歌》如何翻译？~

《长恨歌》翻译如下：
1、唐明皇好女，日夜想找个绝代佳人；统治全国多年，竟找不到一个称心。杨玄瑛有个女儿才长成，十分娇艳；养在深闺中，外人不知她美丽绝伦。
2、承受君欢侍君饮，终日陪伴无闲时；春从春游夜专守，双双形影不分离。后宫妃嫔有三千，个个姿色象女神；三千美色不动心，皇上只宠她一人。3、九重城楼与宫阙，烽火连天杂烟尘；千军万马护君王，直向西南急逃奔。翠华龙旗一路摇，队伍走走又停停；西出都城百来里，来到驿站马嵬亭。
4、行宫之内见月色，总是伤心怀悲恨；夜雨当中闻铃声，谱下悲曲雨霖铃。天旋地转战乱平，君王起驾回京城；到了马嵬车踌躇，不忍离去断肠人。
5、当年梨园的弟子，个个新添了白发；后妃宫中的女官，红颜退尽人衰老。夜间殿堂流萤飞，思想消沉心茫然；终夜思念睡不着，挑尽了孤灯心草。

《长恨歌》是中国唐朝诗人白居易的一首长篇叙事诗。这首诗是作者的名篇，作于公元806年（元和元年）。全诗形象地叙述了唐玄宗与杨贵妃的爱情悲剧。诗人借历史人物和传说，创造了一个回旋宛转的动人故事，并通过塑造的艺术形象，再现了现实生活的真实，感染了千百年来的读者，诗的主题是“长恨”。
白居易（772年－846年），字乐天，号香山居士，又号醉吟先生，祖籍太原，到其曾祖父时迁居下邽，生于河南新郑。是唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，唐代三大诗人之一。白居易与元稹共同倡导新乐府运动，世称“元白”，与刘禹锡并称“刘白”。

长恨歌 THE EVERLASTING REGRET

汉皇重色思倾国，御宇多年求不得。
杨家有女初长成，养在深闺人未识。
The beauty-loving monarch longed year after year
To find a beautiful lady without peer.
A maiden of the Yangs* to womanhood just grown,
In inner chambers bred, to the world was unknown.
天生丽质难自弃，一朝选在君王侧。回眸一笑百媚生，六宫粉黛无颜色。

Endowed with natural beauty too hard to hide,
One day she stood selected for the monarch’s side.
Turning her head, she smiled so sweet and full of grace
That she outshone in six palaces the fairest face.
春寒赐浴华清池，温泉水滑洗凝脂。
She bathed in glassy water of warm-fountain pool,
Which laved and smoothed her creamy skin when spring was cool.
侍儿扶起娇无力，始是新承恩泽时。
Upborne by her attendants, she rose too faint to move,
And this was when she first received the monarch’s love.
云鬓花颜金步摇，芙蓉帐暖度春宵。
Flowerlike face and cloudlike hair, golden-headdressed,
In lotus-flower curtain she spent the night blessed.
春宵苦短日高起，从此君王不早朝。
She slept till sun rose high, for the blessed night was short,
From then on the monarch held no longer morning court.
承欢侍宴无闲暇，春从春游夜专夜。
In revels as in feasts she shared her lord’s delight,
His companion on trips and his mistress at night.
后宫佳丽三千人，三千宠爱在一身。
In inner palace dwelt three thousand ladies fair;
On her alone was lavished royal love and care.
金星妆成娇侍夜，玉楼宴罢醉和春。
Her beauty served the night when dressed in Golden Bower
Or drunk with wine and spring at banquet in Jade Tower.
姊妹弟兄皆列士，可怜光彩生门户。
遂令天下父母心，不重生男重生女。
All her sisters and brothers received rank and fief
And honours showered on her household, to the grief
Of the fathers and mothers who’d rather give birth
To a fair maiden than any son on earth.

骊宫高处入青云，仙乐风飘处处闻。缓歌慢舞凝丝竹，尽日君王看不足。
The lofty palace towered high into blue cloud,
With wind-borne music so divine the air was loud.
Seeing slow dance and hearing fluted or stringed song,
The emperor was never tired the whole day long.

渔阳鼙鼓动地来，惊破霓裳羽衣曲。
But rebels** beat their war drums, making the earth quake
And “Song of Rainbow Skirt and Coat of Feathers” break.
** The revolt broke out in 755 and forced the emperor to flee from the capital.
九重城阙烟尘生，千乘万骑西南行。
A cloud of dust was raised o’er city walls nine-fold;
Thousands of chariots and horsemen southwestward rolled.
翠华摇摇行复止，西出都门百馀里。
Imperial flags moved slowly now and halted then,
And thirty miles from Western Gate they stopped again.
六军不发无奈何，宛转蛾眉马前死。

Six armies would not march -- what could be done? -- with speed
Until the Lady Yang was killed before the steed.
花钿委地无人收，翠翘金雀玉搔头。
None would pick up her hairpin fallen to the ground
Or golden bird and comb with which her head was crowned.
君王掩面救不得，回看血泪相和流。
The monarch could not save her and hid his face in fear;
Turning his head, he saw her blood mix with his tear.
黄埃散漫风萧索，云栈萦纡登剑阁。
The yellow dust spread wide, the wind blew desolate;
A serpentine plank path led to cloud-capped Sword Gate.
峨嵋山下少人行，旌旗无光日色薄。
Below the Eyebrow Mountains wayfarers were few;
In fading sunlight royal standards lost their hue.
蜀江水碧蜀山青，圣主朝朝暮暮情。
On western waters blue and western mountains green
The monarch’s heart was daily gnawed by sorrow keen.
行宫见月伤心色，夜雨闻铃肠断声。
The moon viewed from his tent shed a soul-searing light,
The bells heard in night rain made a heart-rending sound.
天旋地转回龙驭，到此踌躇不能去。
马嵬坡下泥土中，不见玉颜空死处。
Suddenly turned the tide. Returning from his flight,
The monarch could not tear himself away from the ground
Where ‘mid the clods beneath the slope he couldn’t forget
The fair-faced Lady Yang, who was unfairly slain.

君臣相顾尽沾衣，东望都门信马归。

He looked at ministers, with tears his robe was wet;
They rode east to the capital, but with loose rein.
归来池苑皆依旧，太液芙蓉未央柳。
Back, he found her pond and garden in the old place,
With lotus in the lake and willows by the hall.

芙蓉如面柳如眉，对此如何不泪垂！
春风桃李花开日，秋雨梧桐叶落时。
Willow leaves like her brows and lotus like her face;
At the sight of all these, how could his tears not fall
Or when in vernal breeze were peach and plum full-blown
Or when in autumn rain parasol leaves were shed?
西宫南内多秋草，落叶满阶红不扫。
In western as in southern court was grass o’ergrown;
With fallen leaves unswept the marble steps turned red.

梨园子弟白发新，椒房阿监青娥老。
Actors, although still young, began to have hair grey;
Eunuchs and waiting maids looked old in palace deep.
夕殿萤飞思悄然，孤灯挑尽未成眠。迟迟钟鼓初长夜，耿耿星河欲曙天。
Fireflies flitting the hall, mutely he pined away;
The lonely lampwick burned out; still he could not sleep.
Slowly beat drums and rang bells; night began to grow long;
Bright shone the Milky Way; daybreak seemed to come late.
鸳鸯瓦冷霜华重，翡翠衾寒谁与共？悠悠生死别经年，魂魄不曾来入梦。
The lovebird tiles grew chilly with hoar frost so strong,
And his kingfisher quilt was cold, not shared by a mate.
One long, long year the dead and the living were parted;
Her soul came not in dreams to see the brokenhearted.
临邛道士鸿都客，能以精诚致魂魄。
A Taoist sorcerer came to the palace door,
Skilled to summon the spirit from the other shore.
为感君王辗转思，遂教方士殷勤觅。
Moved by the monarch’s yearning for the departed fair,
He was ordered to seek for her everywhere.
排空驭气奔如电，升天入地求之遍。上穷碧落下黄泉，两处茫茫皆不见。
Borne on the air, like flash of lightning he flew;
In heaven and on earth he searched through and through.
Up to the azure vault and down to deepest place,
Nor above nor below could he e’er find her trace.
忽闻海上有仙山，山在虚无缥缈间。楼阁玲珑五云起，其中绰约多仙子。

He learned that on the sea were fairy mountains proud
That now appeared, now disappeared amid the cloud
Of rainbow colours where rose magnificent bowers
And dwelt so many fairies as graceful as flowers.
中有一人字太真，雪肤花貌参差是。
Among them was a queen whose name was Ever True;
Her snow-white skin and sweet face might afford a clue.
金阙西厢叩玉扃，转教小玉报双成。
Knocking at western gate of palace hall, he bade
The porter fair to inform the queen’s waiting maid.
闻道汉家天子使，九华帐里梦魂惊。
When she heard there came the monarch’s embassy,
The queen was startled out of dreams in her canopy.
揽衣推枕起徘徊，珠箔银屏迤逦开。云鬓半偏新睡觉，花冠不整下堂来。
Pushing aside the pillow, she rose and got dressed,
Passing through silver screen and pearl shade to meet the guest.
Her cloudlike hair awry, not full awake at all,
Her flowery cap slanted, she came into the hall.
风吹仙袂飘飘举，犹似霓裳羽衣舞。
The wind blew up her fairy sleeves and made them float
As if she danced the “Rainbow Skirt and Feathered Coat.”
玉容寂寞泪阑干，梨花一枝春带雨。
Her jade-white face crisscrossed with tears in lonely world
Like a spray of pear blossoms in spring rain impearled.
含情凝睇谢君王，一别音容两渺茫。
She bade him thank her lord, lovesick and brokenhearted;
They knew nothing of each other after they parted.
昭阳殿里恩爱绝，蓬莱宫中日月长。
Love and happiness long ended within palace walls;
Days and months appeared long in the fairyland halls.
回头下望人寰处，不见长安见尘雾。
Turning her head and fixing on the earth her gaze,
She saw no capital ’mid clouds of dust and haze.
唯将旧物表深情，钿合金钗寄将去。
To show her love was deep, she took out keepsakes old
For him to carry back, hairpin and case of gold.
钗留一股合一扇，钗擘黄金合分钿。
Keeping one side of the case and one wing of the pin,
She sent to her dear lord the other half of the twin.
但教心似金钿坚，天上人间会相见。
“If our two hearts as firm as the gold should remain.
In heaven or on earth we’ll sometime meet again.”
临别殷勤重寄词，词中有誓两心知。
At parting she confided to the messenger
A secret vow known only to her lord and her.
七月七日长生殿，夜半无人私语时。
On seventh day of seventh moon when none was near,
At midnight in Long Life Hall he whispered in her ear,
在天愿作比翼鸟，在地愿为连理枝。
“On high, we’d be two lovebirds flying wing to wing;
On earth, two trees with branches twined from spring to spring.”
天长地久有时尽，此恨绵绵无绝期！

The boundless sky and endless earth may pass away,
But this vow unfulfilled will be regretted for aye.
翻译：许渊冲

原文：

汉皇重色思倾国，御宇多年求不得。杨家有女初长成，养在深闺人未识。天生丽质难自弃，一朝选在君王侧。回眸一笑百媚生，六宫粉黛无颜色。春寒赐浴华清池，温泉水滑洗凝脂。侍儿扶起娇无力，始是新承恩泽时。云鬓花颜金步摇，芙蓉帐暖度春宵。春宵苦短日高起，从此君王不早朝。承欢侍宴无闲暇，春从春游夜专夜。后宫佳丽三千人，三千宠爱在一身。金屋妆成娇侍夜，玉楼宴罢醉和春。姊妹弟兄皆列士，可怜光采生门户。遂令天下父母心，不重生男重生女。

骊宫高处入青云，仙乐风飘处处闻。缓歌慢舞凝丝竹，尽日君王看不足。渔阳鼙鼓动地来，惊破霓裳羽衣曲。九重城阙烟尘生，千乘万骑西南行。翠华摇摇行复止，西出都门百余里。六军不发无奈何，宛转蛾眉马前死。花钿委地无人收，翠翅金雀玉搔头。君王掩面救不得，回看血泪相和流。黄埃散漫风萧索，云栈萦纡登剑阁。峨嵋山下少人行，旌旗无光日色薄。蜀江水碧蜀山青，圣主朝朝暮暮情。行宫见月伤心色，夜雨闻铃断肠声。

天旋地转回龙驭，至此踌躇不能去。马嵬坡下泥土中，不见玉颜空死处。君臣相顾尽沾衣，东望都门信马归。归来池苑皆依旧，太液芙蓉未央柳。芙蓉如面柳如眉，对此如何不泪垂。春风桃李花开日，秋雨梧桐叶落时。西宫南内多秋草，落叶满阶红不扫。梨园弟子白发新，椒房阿监青娥老。夕殿萤飞思悄然，孤灯挑尽未成眠。迟迟钟鼓初长夜，耿耿星河欲曙天。鸳鸯瓦冷霜华重，翡翠衾寒谁与共。悠悠生死别经年，魂魄不曾来入梦。

临邛道士鸿都客，能以精诚致魂魄。为感君王辗转思，遂教方士殷勤觅。排空驭气奔如电，升天入地求之遍。上穷碧落下黄泉，两处茫茫皆不见。忽闻海上有仙山，山在虚无缥缈间。楼阁玲珑五云起，其中绰约多仙子。中有一人字太真，雪肤花貌参差是。金阙西厢叩玉扇，转教小玉报双成。闻道汉家天子使，九华帐里梦魂惊。揽衣推枕起徘徊，珠箔银屏迤逦开。云髻半偏新睡觉，花冠不整下堂来。风吹仙袂飘飘举，犹似霓裳羽衣舞。玉容寂寞泪阑干，梨花一枝春带雨。含情凝睇谢君王，一别音容两渺茫。昭阳殿里恩爱绝，蓬莱宫中日月长。回头下望人寰处，不见长安见尘雾。唯将旧物表深情，钿合金钗寄将去。钗留一股合一扇，钗擘黄金合分钿。但教心似金钿坚，天上人间会相见。临别殷勤重寄词，词中有誓两心知。七月七日长生殿，夜半无人私语时。在天愿作比翼鸟，在地愿为连理枝。天长地久有时尽，此恨绵绵无绝期。

译文：

汉家的皇上看重倾城倾国貌，立志找一位绝代佳人。可惜当国多少年哪，一直没处寻。杨家有位刚长成的姑娘，养在深闺里没人见过她容颜。天生丽质无法埋没，终于被选到皇上身边。她回头嫣然一笑，百般娇媚同时显现出来。六宫的粉白黛绿啊，立刻全都褪掉了色彩。正春寒，赐浴华清池，温泉水滑，洗她肌肤如凝结的油脂。侍女扶出浴，正娇懒无力，初承恩就在这一时。花一般容貌云一样鬓发，金步摇在头上颤。美好的春宵，春宵太短！太阳多高天于才睁眼，从此再不早早上朝去和那些大臣见面。追陪欢乐，伺候宴席，她总在皇帝身旁转。春天随从春游，夜晚也是她独占。后宫美人儿三千人，对三千人的宠爱都集中在她一身。深宫的夜晚，她妆饰好了去伺候圣君。玉楼中宴会，春天和她一起醉倒了人。姐姐弟兄都封了大邦，好羡人呀，一家门户尽生光。叫天下做父母的心肠，觉得生男儿还不如生个女郎。

避暑的骊宫，高插云霄。宫中仙乐飘，人间到处都能听到。宫里缓歌曼舞，徐徐地弹琴慢慢地吹箫。皇上整天看，总也看不饱。谁知道渔阳反叛的战鼓会震地敲，把霓裳羽衣曲惊破了！皇家城阙烟尘出现，天于的大驾，一千辆车，一万匹马，逃往西南。才走到百来里，走走又站站。六军不肯前进可怎么办？宛转蛾眉竟死在皇上马蹄前。她的花钿丢在地上没人收，还有她头上的翡翠翘呢，她的金雀，她的玉搔头。皇上掩着脸，想救救不了，回头看，眼泪和血一起流。栈道插云弯弯曲曲上剑阁，风刮起黄尘格外萧索。峨眉道上没多少行人，天于旌旗也没了光彩，阳光是那样谈薄。蜀江水这么碧绿哟，蜀山这么青翠，皇上日日夜夜怀念情思难断绝。离宫看见月光是伤心颜色，夜里听雨打栈铃也是断肠声息。

总算有一天，天旋地转圣驾得回京城，又走到这里──叫人徘徊不忍离去。马嵬坡下泥土中间找不着了，美人当年白白死去的那块地。君臣互相看看，眼泪洒衣襟，向东望，信马由缰回京城。回来看看宫苑园林，太液池芙蓉未央宫翠柳依旧媚人。那芙蓉花多像她的脸，那柳叶多像她的眉，见花见柳怎叫人不落泪。怎不感触啊，在这春风吹开桃李花的日子，在这秋用打梧桐落叶的时辰！太上皇住南内与西宫，秋草长闲庭，不扫它满阶落叶红。当年椒房间监青眉已老，梨园弟子头上白发初生。晚上萤虫飞过宫殿，太上皇悄然忆想。夜里挑残了孤灯睡不着，只听宫中钟鼓迟迟敲响。夜这么长，看看天上银河还在发光。天快亮，还不亮！霜这么重，房上鸳鸯瓦这么冷，翠被冰凉，有谁同拥？你死去了，我还活着，此别悠悠已经隔了年，从不见你的灵魂进入我的梦。

京城有位修炼过的临邛道士，能以精诚把亡魂招致。可感动的是上皇辗转怀念的深情，使方士殷勤地去把她寻觅。他御气排云像一道电光飞行，上了九天，又下入黄泉，可是都没见到她的踪影。忽然听说海上有座仙山，那山在虚无缥缈中间。仙山楼阁玲珑似朵朵彩云，有许多美妙的仙子。其中有位叫太真，雪样肌肤花样容貌，听来好像是要找的人。方士到了仙宫，叩西厢的门，报捎息的是仙人小玉和董双成。她听说汉家天于派来了使臣，不由惊断了仙家九华帐里的梦。推开枕穿上衣下得床来，银屏与珠帘都依次打开。只见她头上云髻半偏，刚刚睡醒，花冠还没整好便走下堂来。风吹着她的仙衣飘飘旋举，还像当年她的霓裳羽衣舞。玉容寂寞一双眼泪落下来，好似春天一枝梨花带着雨。她含情凝自感谢君王：自从生离死别难见面，音信两茫茫。昭阳殿里的恩爱从此断绝，蓬莱宫里的日月这么漫长！往下看人间，只看见云雾看不见长安，只能将旧物表表我的深情，把金钗钿盒两样东西带还。金钗留一股，钿盒留一扇，我们一家分一半。只要我们的心像金和钿一样坚牢，虽然远隔天上与人间，总还能相见！临走叮咛还有一句话儿紧要，这句誓言只有他和我知道。七月七日长生殿，半夜里没人我们两个话悄悄：在天上我们但愿永做比翼鸟，在地上我们但愿水做连理枝条。天长地久也有一天会终结，这恨啊，长久不断，永不会有消除的那一朝。

译文及注释

译文
唐明皇爱好女色一直在寻找绝色美女， 统治全国多年竟找不到一个称心的。
杨家有个女儿刚刚长大，养在深闺之中外人不知她美丽绝伦。
天生丽质让她很难埋没人世间，果然没过多久便成为了唐明皇身边的一个妃嫔。
她回眸一笑千姿百态娇媚横生，宫中的其他妃嫔都显得黯然失色。
春季寒冷皇上赐她到华清池沐浴，温润的泉水洗涤着白嫩滋润的肌肤。
宫女搀扶起她如出水芙蓉软弱娉婷，由此开始得到皇帝的恩宠。
鬓发如云脸似花头戴金步摇，温暖的芙蓉帐子里与皇上共度春宵。
只恨春宵太短一觉就睡到太阳高高升起，君王从此再也不早朝了。
承蒙皇上的恩宠忙得没有片刻闲暇，春日陪皇上一起出游晚上夜夜侍寝。
后宫中妃嫔不下三千人，却只有她独享皇帝的恩宠。
金屋中梳妆打扮夜夜撒娇不离君王，玉楼上酒酣宴罢醉意更添几许风韵。
兄弟姐妹都因她列土封侯，杨家门户生光彩令人羡慕又向往。
于是使得天下的父母都改变了心意，变成了不重视生男孩而重视生女孩。
骊山华清宫内玉宇琼楼高耸入云，清风过处仙乐飘向四面八方。
轻歌曼舞多合拍管弦旋律尽传神，君王终日观看却百看不厌。
渔阳叛乱的战鼓声震耳欲聋，宫中停奏霓裳羽衣曲。
九重门的京城发生战事，君王带着群臣美眷向西南逃亡。
皇帝仪仗队车队走走停停，到了距长安一百多里的马嵬坡。
御林军停止前进要求赐死杨贵妃君王无可奈何，只得在马嵬坡下缢杀杨玉环。
贵妃头上的饰品丢弃在地上无人收拾，首饰金雀钗玉簪珍贵头饰一根根。
皇帝欲救不能掩面而泣，回头看到贵妃惨死的场景血泪止不住地流。
风刮起黄尘格外萧索，回环曲折穿栈道车队踏上了剑阁古道。
峨眉山下行人稀少，旌旗无色日月无光。
蜀地山清水秀，引得君王相思情。
在行宫看见月色就伤心，夜里听到铃声就断肠痛苦。
时局好转皇帝重返长安，路过马嵬坡睹物思人徘徊不前。
马嵬坡下荒凉黄冢中，佳人容颜再不见唯有坟茔躺山间。
君臣相顾泪湿衣衫，向东望无心鞭马任由马前进回京城。
回来一看池苑的地方依旧，太液池边芙蓉仍在未央宫中垂柳未改。
芙蓉开得像玉环的脸柳叶儿好似她的眉，此情此景如何不伤心落泪。
春风吹开桃李花物是人非不胜悲，秋雨滴落梧桐叶场面寂寞更惨凄。
兴庆宫和甘露殿秋草丛生，落叶满台阶长久不见人打扫。
梨园歌舞艺人头发已雪白，椒房侍从宫女红颜尽褪。
晚上宫殿中流萤飞舞玄宗悄然思念贵妃，孤灯油尽仍难以入睡。
迟缓的钟鼓声愈数愈觉夜漫长，星河泛白天快要亮了。
鸳鸯瓦上霜花重生，冰冷的翡翠被里谁与君王同眠？
阴阳相隔已经一年，为何你从未在我梦里来过？
有个从临邛来长安的道士，据说他能用精诚招来贵妃魂魄。
君王思念贵妃的情意令他感动，于是道士尽力去寻找贵妃的魂魄。
腾云驾雾如闪电，上天下地找了个遍。
找遍九天之上寻遍九地之下，却还是茫茫不见所寻不得。
忽然听说在海上有一座仙山，这座仙山被云雾环绕隐隐约约。
华美精巧的楼台阁被五彩云霞托起，那里面体态轻盈柔美的仙女数之不尽。
当中有一个人字太真，肌肤如雪貌似花好像就是君王要找的杨玉环。
使者来到金阙西边叩响玉石雕做的院门轻声呼唤，仙府庭院重重须经辗转通报。
太真听说君王的使者到了，从绣饰华美的帐子里惊醒。
穿上衣服推开枕头出了睡帐，珠帘与银饰的屏风接连不断地打开。
半梳着云鬓刚刚睡醒，来不及梳妆歪带着花冠就出厅堂来了。
轻柔的仙风吹拂着衣袖微微飘动，就像中国的宫廷乐舞。
寂寞忧愁颜面上泪水长流，犹如春天带雨的梨花。
含情凝视天子使者托他深深谢君王，马嵬坡上长别后音讯颜容两渺茫。
昭阳殿里的姻缘早已隔断，蓬莱宫中的孤寂时间还很漫长。
从仙境遥望人世间，看不到魂牵梦萦的长安只看到茫茫尘雾。
只有用当年的信物表达我的深情，钿盒金钗你带去给君王做纪念。
把金钗、钿盒分成两半，我和君王各自留一半。
但愿我们相爱的心就像黄金宝钿一样忠贞坚硬，天上人间总有机会再见。
临别时殷勤地托使者寄语君王表情思，寄语中的誓言只有君王和我知道。
当年七月七日长生殿中，夜半无人我们共起山盟海誓。
在天愿为比翼双飞鸟，在地愿为并生连理枝。
即使是天长地久也总会有尽头，但这生死遗恨却永远没有尽期。

注释
汉皇：原指汉武帝刘彻。此处借指唐玄宗李隆基。唐人文学创作常以汉称唐。
重色：爱好女色。倾国：绝色女子。汉代李延年对汉武帝唱了一首歌：“北方有佳人，绝世而独立。一顾倾人城，再顾倾人国。宁不知倾国与倾城，佳人难再得。”后来，“倾国倾城”就成为美女的代称。
御宇：驾御宇内，即统治天下。汉贾谊《过秦论》：“振长策而御宇内”
杨家有女：蜀州司户杨玄琰，有女杨玉环，自幼由叔父杨玄珪抚养，十七岁（开元二十三年）被册封为玄宗之子寿王李瑁之妃。二十七岁被玄宗册封为贵妃。白居易此谓“养在深闺人未识”，是作者有意为帝王避讳的说法。
丽质：美丽的姿质。
六宫粉黛：指宫中所有嫔妃。粉黛：粉黛本为女性化妆用品，粉以抹脸，黛以描眉。此代指六宫中的女性。无颜色：意谓相形之下，都失去了美好的姿容。
华清池：即华清池温泉，在今西安市临潼区南的骊山下。唐贞观十八年（644）建汤泉宫，咸亨二年（671）改名温泉宫，天宝六载（747）扩建后改名华清宫。唐玄宗每年冬、春季都到此居住。
凝脂：形容皮肤白嫩滋润，犹如凝固的脂肪。《诗经·卫风·硕人》语“肤如凝脂”。
侍儿：宫女。
新承恩泽：刚得到皇帝的宠幸。
云鬓：《木兰诗》：“当窗理云鬓，对镜贴花黄”。形容女子鬓发盛美如云。金步摇：一种金首饰，用金银丝盘成花之形状，上面缀着垂珠之类，插于发鬓，走路时摇曳生姿。
芙蓉帐：绣着莲花的帐子。形容帐之精美。萧纲《戏作谢惠连体十三韵》：珠绳翡翠帷，绮幕芙蓉帐。
春宵：新婚之夜。
佳丽三千：《后汉书·皇后纪》：自武元之后，世增淫费，乃至掖庭三千。言后宫女子之多。
金屋：《汉武故事》记载，武帝幼时，他姑妈将他抱在膝上，问他要不要她的女儿阿娇作妻子。他笑着回答说：“若得阿娇，当以金屋藏之。”
列土：分封土地。
可怜：可爱，值得羡慕。
骊宫：骊山华清宫。骊山在今陕西临潼。
凝丝竹：指弦乐器和管乐器伴奏出舒缓的旋律。
渔阳：郡名，辖今北京市平谷县和天津市的蓟县等地，当时属于平卢、范阳、河东三镇节度史安禄山的辖区。天宝十四载（755）冬，安禄山在范阳起兵叛乱。鼙鼓：古代骑兵用的小鼓，此借指战争。
霓（ní）裳羽衣曲：舞曲名，据说为唐开元年间西凉节度使杨敬述所献，经唐玄宗润色并制作歌词，改用此
名。乐曲着意表现虚无缥缈的仙境和仙女形象。
九重城阙：九重门的京城，此指长安。烟尘生：指发生战事。阙，，意为古代宫殿门前两边的楼，泛指宫殿或帝王的住所。《楚辞·九辩》：君之门以九重。
乘：一人一骑为一乘。
翠华：用翠鸟羽毛装饰的旗帜，皇帝仪仗队用。司马相如《上林赋》：建翠华之旗，树灵鼍之鼓。百余里：指到了距长安一百多里的马嵬坡。
六军：指天子军队。
宛转：形容美人临死前哀怨缠绵的样子。蛾眉：古代美女的代称，此指杨贵妃。《诗经·卫风·硕人》：螓首蛾眉。
花钿：用金翠珠宝等制成的花朵形首饰。委地：丢弃在地上。
翠翘：首饰，形如翡翠鸟尾。金雀：金雀钗，钗形似凤（古称朱雀）。玉搔头：玉簪。《西京杂记》卷二：武帝过李夫人，就取玉簪搔头。自此后宫人搔头皆用玉。
云栈：高入云霄的栈道。萦纡（yíngyū）：萦回盘绕。剑阁：又称剑门关，在今四川剑阁县北，是由秦入蜀的要
道。此地群山如剑，峭壁中断处，两山对峙如门。诸葛亮相蜀时，凿石驾凌空栈道以通行。
峨嵋山：在今四川峨眉山市。玄宗奔蜀途中，并未经过峨嵋山，这里泛指蜀中高山。
行宫：皇帝离京出行在外的临时住所。
天旋地转：指时局好转。肃宗至德二年（757），郭子仪军收复长安。回龙驭：皇帝的车驾归来。
信马：意思是无心鞭马，任马前进。
太液：汉宫中有太液池。未央：汉有未央宫。此皆借指唐长安皇宫。
西宫南苑：皇宫之内称为大内。西宫即西内太极宫，南内为兴庆宫。玄宗返京后，初居南内。上元元年（760），权宦李辅国假借肃宗名义，胁迫玄宗迁往西内，并流贬玄宗亲信高力士、陈玄礼等人。
梨园弟子：指玄宗当年训练的乐工舞女。梨园：据《新唐书·礼乐志》：唐玄宗时宫中教习音乐的机构，曾选"坐部伎"三百人教练歌舞，随时应诏表演，号称“皇帝梨园弟子”。
椒房：后妃居住之所，因以花椒和泥抹墙，故称。阿监：宫中的侍从女官。青娥：年轻的宫女。据《新唐书·百官志》，内官宫正有阿监、副监，视七品。
孤灯挑尽：古时用油灯照明，为使灯火明亮，过了一会儿就要把浸在油中的灯草往前挑一点。挑尽，说明夜已深。按，唐时宫延夜间燃烛而不点油灯，此处旨在形容玄宗晚年生活环境的凄苦。
迟迟：迟缓。报更钟鼓声起止原有定时，这里用以形容玄宗长夜难眠时的心情。
耿耿：微明的样子。欲曙天：长夜将晓之时。
鸳鸯瓦：屋顶上俯仰相对合在一起的瓦。房瓦一俯一仰相合，称阴阳瓦，亦称鸳鸯瓦。霜华：霜花。
翡翠衾：布面绣有翡翠鸟的被子谁与共：与谁共。
临邛：今四川邛崃县。鸿都：东汉都城洛阳的宫门
名，这里借指长安。《后汉书·灵帝纪》：光和元年二月，始置鸿都门学士。
致魂魄：招来杨贵妃的亡魂。
方士：有法术的人。这里指道士。殷勤：尽力。
排空驭气：即腾云驾雾。
穷：穷尽，找遍。碧落：即天空。黄泉：指地下。
海上仙山：《史记·封禅书》：自威、宣、燕昭使人人海求蓬莱、方丈、瀛洲，此三神山者，其传在渤海中。
玲珑：华美精巧。五云：五彩云霞。
绰约：体态轻盈柔美。《庄子·逍遥游》：藐姑射之山，有神人居焉，肌肤若冰雪，绰约如处子。
参差：仿佛，差不多。
金阙：《太平御览》卷六六。引《大洞玉经》：上清宫门中有两阙，左金阙，右玉阙。西厢：《尔雅·释宫》：室有东西厢日庙。西厢在右。玉扃（jiong）：玉门。即玉阙之变文。
小玉：吴王夫差女。双成：传说中西王母的侍女。这里皆借指杨贵妃在仙山的侍女。
九华帐：绣饰华美的帐子。九华：重重花饰的图案。言帐之精美。《宋书·后妃传》：自汉氏昭阳之轮奂，魏室九华之照耀。
珠箔：珠帘。银屏：饰银的屏风。迤逦：接连不断地。
新睡觉：刚睡醒。觉，醒。
袂（mèi）：衣袖。
玉容寂寞：此指神色黯淡凄楚。阑干：纵横交错的样子。这里形容泪痕满面。
凝睇（dì）：凝视。
昭阳殿：汉成帝宠妃赵飞燕的寝宫。此借指杨贵妃住过的宫殿。
蓬莱宫：传说中的海上仙山。这里指贵妃在仙山的居所。
人寰（huán）：人间。
旧物：指生前与玄宗定情的信物。
寄将去：托道士带回。
钗留二句：把金钗、钿盒分成两半，自留一半。擘：分开。合分钿：将钿盒上的图案分成两部分。
重寄词：贵妃在告别是重又托他捎话。
两心知：只有玄宗、贵妃二人心里明白。
长生殿：在骊山华清宫内，天宝元年（742）造。按“七月”以下六句为作者虚拟之词。而所谓长生殿者，亦非华清宫之长生殿，而是长安皇宫寝殿之习称。
比翼鸟：传说中的鸟名，据说只有一目一翼，雌雄并在一起才能飞。
连理枝：两株树木树干相抱。古人常用此二物比喻情侣相爱、永不分离。
恨：遗憾。绵绵：连绵不断。▲

=========

长恨歌中英文对照

白居易原文

长恨歌

翻译：许渊冲（诗译英法惟一人）

THE EVERLASTING REGRET

汉皇重色思倾国，御宇多年求不得。
杨家有女初长成，养在深闺人未识。

The beauty-loving monarch longed year after year
To find a beautiful lady without peer.
A maiden of the Yangs* to womanhood just grown,
In inner chambers bred, to the world was unknown.

*Yang Yu-huan (719-756) was the favourite mistress of Emperor Xuan
Zong (reigned 725-768) of the Tang Dynasty.

天生丽质难自弃，一朝选在君王侧。回眸一笑百媚生，六宫粉黛无颜色。

Endowed with natural beauty too hard to hide,
One day she stood selected for the monarch’s side.
Turning her head, she smiled so sweet and full of grace
That she outshone in six palaces the fairest face.

春寒赐浴华清池，温泉水滑洗凝脂。

She bathed in glassy water of warm-fountain pool,
Which laved and smoothed her creamy skin when spring was cool.

侍儿扶起娇无力，始是新承恩泽时。

Upborne by her attendants, she rose too faint to move,
And this was when she first received the monarch’s love.

云鬓花颜金步摇，芙蓉帐暖度春宵。

Flowerlike face and cloudlike hair, golden-headdressed,
In lotus-flower curtain she spent the night blessed.

春宵苦短日高起，从此君王不早朝。

She slept till sun rose high, for the blessed night was short,
From then on the monarch held no longer morning court.

承欢侍宴无闲暇，春从春游夜专夜。

In revels as in feasts she shared her lord’s delight,
His companion on trips and his mistress at night.

后宫佳丽三千人，三千宠爱在一身。

In inner palace dwelt three thousand ladies fair;
On her alone was lavished royal love and care.

金星妆成娇侍夜，玉楼宴罢醉和春。

Her beauty served the night when dressed in Golden Bower
Or drunk with wine and spring at banquet in Jade Tower.

姊妹弟兄皆列士，可怜光彩生门户。
遂令天下父母心，不重生男重生女。

All her sisters and brothers received rank and fief
And honours showered on her household, to the grief
Of the fathers and mothers who’d rather give birth
To a fair maiden than any son on earth.

骊宫高处入青云，仙乐风飘处处闻。缓歌慢舞凝丝竹，尽日君王看不足。

The lofty palace towered high into blue cloud,
With wind-borne music so divine the air was loud.
Seeing slow dance and hearing fluted or stringed song,
The emperor was never tired the whole day long.

渔阳鼙鼓动地来，惊破霓裳羽衣曲。

But rebels** beat their war drums, making the earth quake
And “Song of Rainbow Skirt and Coat of Feathers” break.

** The revolt broke out in 755 and forced the emperor to flee from the capital.

九重城阙烟尘生，千乘万骑西南行。

A cloud of dust was raised o’er city walls nine-fold;
Thousands of chariots and horsemen southwestward rolled.

翠华摇摇行复止，西出都门百馀里。

Imperial flags moved slowly now and halted then,
And thirty miles from Western Gate they stopped again.

六军不发无奈何，宛转蛾眉马前死。

Six armies would not march -- what could be done? -- with speed
Until the Lady Yang was killed before the steed.

花钿委地无人收，翠翘金雀玉搔头。

None would pick up her hairpin fallen to the ground
Or golden bird and comb with which her head was crowned.

君王掩面救不得，回看血泪相和流。

The monarch could not save her and hid his face in fear;
Turning his head, he saw her blood mix with his tear.

黄埃散漫风萧索，云栈萦纡登剑阁。

The yellow dust spread wide, the wind blew desolate;
A serpentine plank path led to cloud-capped Sword Gate.

峨嵋山下少人行，旌旗无光日色薄。

Below the Eyebrow Mountains wayfarers were few;
In fading sunlight royal standards lost their hue.

蜀江水碧蜀山青，圣主朝朝暮暮情。

On western waters blue and western mountains green
The monarch’s heart was daily gnawed by sorrow keen.

行宫见月伤心色，夜雨闻铃肠断声。

The moon viewed from his tent shed a soul-searing light,
The bells heard in night rain made a heart-rending sound.

天旋地转回龙驭，到此踌躇不能去。
马嵬坡下泥土中，不见玉颜空死处。

Suddenly turned the tide. Returning from his flight,
The monarch could not tear himself away from the ground
Where ‘mid the clods beneath the slope he couldn’t forget
The fair-faced Lady Yang, who was unfairly slain.

君臣相顾尽沾衣，东望都门信马归。

He looked at ministers, with tears his robe was wet;
They rode east to the capital, but with loose rein.

归来池苑皆依旧，太液芙蓉未央柳。

Back, he found her pond and garden in the old place,
With lotus in the lake and willows by the hall.

芙蓉如面柳如眉，对此如何不泪垂！
春风桃李花开日，秋雨梧桐叶落时。

Willow leaves like her brows and lotus like her face;
At the sight of all these, how could his tears not fall
Or when in vernal breeze were peach and plum full-blown
Or when in autumn rain parasol leaves were shed?

西宫南内多秋草，落叶满阶红不扫。

In western as in southern court was grass o’ergrown;
With fallen leaves unswept the marble steps turned red.

梨园子弟白发新，椒房阿监青娥老。

Actors, although still young, began to have hair grey;
Eunuchs and waiting maids looked old in palace deep.

夕殿萤飞思悄然，孤灯挑尽未成眠。迟迟钟鼓初长夜，耿耿星河欲曙天。

Fireflies flitting the hall, mutely he pined away;
The lonely lampwick burned out; still he could not sleep.
Slowly beat drums and rang bells; night began to grow long;
Bright shone the Milky Way; daybreak seemed to come late.

鸳鸯瓦冷霜华重，翡翠衾寒谁与共？悠悠生死别经年，魂魄不曾来入梦。

The lovebird tiles grew chilly with hoar frost so strong,
And his kingfisher quilt was cold, not shared by a mate.
One long, long year the dead and the living were parted;
Her soul came not in dreams to see the brokenhearted.

临邛道士鸿都客，能以精诚致魂魄。

A Taoist sorcerer came to the palace door,
Skilled to summon the spirit from the other shore.

为感君王辗转思，遂教方士殷勤觅。

Moved by the monarch’s yearning for the departed fair,
He was ordered to seek for her everywhere.

排空驭气奔如电，升天入地求之遍。上穷碧落下黄泉，两处茫茫皆不见。

Borne on the air, like flash of lightning he flew;
In heaven and on earth he searched through and through.
Up to the azure vault and down to deepest place,
Nor above nor below could he e’er find her trace.

忽闻海上有仙山，山在虚无缥缈间。楼阁玲珑五云起，其中绰约多仙子。

He learned that on the sea were fairy mountains proud
That now appeared, now disappeared amid the cloud
Of rainbow colours where rose magnificent bowers
And dwelt so many fairies as graceful as flowers.

中有一人字太真，雪肤花貌参差是。

Among them was a queen whose name was Ever True;
Her snow-white skin and sweet face might afford a clue.

金阙西厢叩玉扃，转教小玉报双成。

Knocking at western gate of palace hall, he bade
The porter fair to inform the queen’s waiting maid.

闻道汉家天子使，九华帐里梦魂惊。

When she heard there came the monarch’s embassy,
The queen was startled out of dreams in her canopy.

揽衣推枕起徘徊，珠箔银屏迤逦开。云鬓半偏新睡觉，花冠不整下堂来。

Pushing aside the pillow, she rose and got dressed,
Passing through silver screen and pearl shade to meet the guest.
Her cloudlike hair awry, not full awake at all,
Her flowery cap slanted, she came into the hall.

风吹仙袂飘飘举，犹似霓裳羽衣舞。

The wind blew up her fairy sleeves and made them float
As if she danced the “Rainbow Skirt and Feathered Coat.”

玉容寂寞泪阑干，梨花一枝春带雨。

Her jade-white face crisscrossed with tears in lonely world
Like a spray of pear blossoms in spring rain impearled.

含情凝睇谢君王，一别音容两渺茫。

She bade him thank her lord, lovesick and brokenhearted;
They knew nothing of each other after they parted.

昭阳殿里恩爱绝，蓬莱宫中日月长。

Love and happiness long ended within palace walls;
Days and months appeared long in the fairyland halls.

回头下望人寰处，不见长安见尘雾。

Turning her head and fixing on the earth her gaze,
She saw no capital ’mid clouds of dust and haze.

唯将旧物表深情，钿合金钗寄将去。

To show her love was deep, she took out keepsakes old
For him to carry back, hairpin and case of gold.

钗留一股合一扇，钗擘黄金合分钿。

Keeping one side of the case and one wing of the pin,
She sent to her dear lord the other half of the twin.

但教心似金钿坚，天上人间会相见。

“If our two hearts as firm as the gold should remain.
In heaven or on earth we’ll sometime meet again.”

临别殷勤重寄词，词中有誓两心知。

At parting she confided to the messenger
A secret vow known only to her lord and her.

七月七日长生殿，夜半无人私语时。

On seventh day of seventh moon when none was near,
At midnight in Long Life Hall he whispered in her ear,

在天愿作比翼鸟，在地愿为连理枝。

“On high, we’d be two lovebirds flying wing to wing;
On earth, two trees with branches twined from spring to spring.”

---

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