求有关于注塑模具的外文资料，最好完整的一篇，单词1200个左右的。

求与注塑模具有关的外文翻译，中英文齐全的，谢谢分享。~

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Mold or die are the common terms used to describe the tooling used to produce plastic parts in molding.

Traditionally, molds have been expensive to manufacture. They were usually only used in mass production where thousands of parts were being produced. Molds are typically constructed from hardened steel, pre-hardened steel, aluminium, and/or beryllium-copper alloy. The choice of material to build a mold from is primarily one of economics, steel molds generally cost more to construct, but their longer lifespan will offset the higher initial cost over a higher number of parts made before wearing out. Pre-hardened steel molds are less wear resistant and are used for lower volume requirements or larger components. The steel hardness is typically 38-45 on the Rockwell-C scale. Hardened steel molds are heat treated after machining. These are by far the superior in terms of wear resistance and lifespan. Typical hardness ranges between 50 and 60 Rockwell-C (HRC). Aluminium molds can cost substantially less, and when designed and machined with modern computerized equipment, can be economical for molding tens or even hundreds of thousands of parts. Beryllium copper is used in areas of the mold which require fast heat removal or areas that see the most shear heat generated.[12] The molds can be manufactured by either CNC machining or by using Electrical Discharge Machining processes

The mold consists of two primary components, the injection mold (A plate) and the ejector mold (B plate). Plastic resin enters the mold through a sprue in the injection mold, the sprue bushing is to seal tightly against the nozzle of the injection barrel of the molding machine and to allow molten plastic to flow from the barrel into the mold, also known as cavity[13] The sprue bushing directs the molten plastic to the cavity images through channels that are machined into the faces of the A and B plates. These channels allow plastic to run along them, so they are referred to as runners.[14] The molten plastic flows through the runner and enters one or more specialized gates and into the cavity[15] geometry to form the desired part.

The amount of resin required to fill the sprue, runner and cavities of a mold is a shot. Trapped air in the mold can escape through air vents that are ground into the parting line of the mold. If the trapped air is not allowed to escape, it is compressed by the pressure of the incoming material and is squeezed into the corners of the cavity, where it prevents filling and causes other defects as well. The air can become so compressed that it ignites and burns the surrounding plastic material.[16] To allow for removal of the molded part from the mold, the mold features must not overhang one another in the direction that the mold opens, unless parts of the mold are designed to move from between such overhangs when the mold opens (utilizing components called Lifters).

Sides of the part that appear parallel with the direction of draw (The axis of the cored position (hole) or insert is parallel to the up and down movement of the mold as it opens and closes)[17] are typically angled slightly with (draft) to ease release of the part from the mold. Insufficient draft can cause deformation or damage. The draft required for mold release is primarily dependent on the depth of the cavity: the deeper the cavity, the more draft necessary. Shrinkage must also be taken into account when determining the draft required.[18] If the skin is too thin, then the molded part will tend to shrink onto the cores that form them while cooling, and cling to those cores or part may warp, twist, blister or crack when the cavity is pulled away.[19] The mold is usually designed so that the molded part reliably remains on the ejector (B) side of the mold when it opens, and draws the runner and the sprue out of the (A) side along with the parts. The part then falls freely when ejected from the (B) side. Tunnel gates, also known as submarine or mold gate, is located below the parting line or mold surface. The opening is machined into the surface of the mold on the parting line. The molded part is cut (by the mold) from the runner system on ejection from the mold.[20] Ejector pins, also known as knockout pin, is a circular pin placed in either half of the mold (usually the ejector half) which pushes the finished molded product, or runner system out of a mold.[21]

The standard method of cooling is passing a coolant (usually water) through a series of holes drilled through the mold plates and connected by hoses to form a continueous pathway. The coolant absorbs heat from the mold (which has absorbed heat from the hot plastic) and keeps the mold at a proper temperature to solidify the plastic at the most efficient rate.[22]

To ease maintenance and venting, cavities and cores are divided into pieces, called inserts, and sub-assemblies, also called inserts, blocks, or chase blocks. By substituting interchangeable inserts, one mold may make several variations of the same part.

More complex parts are formed using more complex molds. These may have sections called slides, that move into a cavity perpendicular to the draw direction, to form overhanging part features. When the mold is opened, the slides are pulled away from the plastic part by using stationary “angle pins” on the stationary mold half. These pins enter a slot in the slides and cause the slides to move backward when the moving half of the mold opens. The part is then ejected and the mold closes. The closing action of the mold causes the slides to move forward along the angle pins.[23]

Some molds allow previously molded parts to be reinserted to allow a new plastic layer to form around the first part. This is often referred to as overmolding. This system can allow for production of one-piece tires and wheels.

2-shot or multi-shot molds are designed to "overmold" within a single molding cycle and must be processed on specialized injection molding machines with two or more injection units. This process is actually an injection molding process performed twice. In the first step, the base color material is molded into a basic shape. Then the second material is injection-molded into the remaining open spaces. That space is then filled during the second injection step with a material of a different color.[24]

A mold can produce several copies of the same parts in a single "shot". The number of "impressions" in the mold of that part is often incorrectly referred to as cavitation. A tool with one impression will often be called a single impression(cavity) mold.[25] A mold with 2 or more cavities of the same parts will likely be referred to as multiple impression (cavity) mold.[26] Some extremely high production volume molds (like those for bottle caps) can have over 128 cavities.

In some cases multiple cavity tooling will mold a series of different parts in the same tool. Some toolmakers call these molds family molds as all the parts are related.[27]

来自维基百科，仅为一部分

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东山区13969984086： 帮帮我吧,,,注塑模方面的英文文献啊 - ？
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东山区13969984086： 注塑模具外文文献 谁可以提供一份啊 - ？
勇惠瑞奇： 我有一份是自己翻译的,有标题,有出处,原文是PDF格式,翻译的是WORD 格式,需要的话,给我个邮箱,我给你发过去!

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勇惠瑞奇： 注塑成型(Injection Molding)受热融化的材料由高压射入模腔,经冷却固化后,得到成形品的方法.该方法适用于形状复杂部件的批量生产,是重要的加工方法之一.注射成型过程大致可分为以下6个阶段 :合模、注射、保压、冷却、开模...

东山区13969984086： 求一篇模具方面的外文文献,要求翻译完有3000汉字以上 带翻译最好了 马上毕业了,找不 - ？
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东山区13969984086： 哪位大哥有注塑模具相关的外文文献和带中文的翻译啊,急求啊 ,小弟在此谢过了!!!! - ？
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东山区13969984086： 急求一篇塑料模具的英文文献(带中文翻译) - ？
勇惠瑞奇： 抱歉我不懂英文 龙浦模具厂的招工情况!联系方式请百度一下 你好!首先说明一下,模具设计与数控编程 是在电脑上学习并工作的.请确认自己符合哪种情况? 一、没有任何基础,但有兴趣并想加入此行业,这样我们会招收进我们厂当学徒....

东山区13969984086： 关于注塑模具的文献翻译？
勇惠瑞奇： The runner balancing was described as the differences of entrance pressures for a multicavity mold with identical cavities, and as differences of pressures at the end of the melt flow path in each cavity for a family mold with different cavity volumes ...

东山区13969984086： 求模具(冲压铸造塑料都行)或者材料类的外文翻译,要5000字左右,最好中英都有,只有英文的也可以 - ？
勇惠瑞奇： Abstract: This paper analyzes thin tube slender tube-type plastic pieces of the structural characteristics of the process. And in accordance with the characteristics described in detail tube plastic parts injection mold structure and its working process, ...

东山区13969984086： 国外注塑模具发展现状 - ？
勇惠瑞奇： 随着全球经济的发展,新的技术革命不断取得新的进展和突破,技术的飞跃发展已经成为动世界经济增长的重要因素.市场经济的不断发展,促使工业产品越来越向多品种、小批量、高质量、低成本的方向发展,为了保持和加强产品在市场上的...