用英语介绍哥特式起源

用英文介绍美国哥特式文化 急急急急！！！！~

我表示我已经尽力了，先找了一些材料然后再进行翻译。Brother special (Goth), and brother special type (Gothic): 1, and brother special people of, brother special family of (means has intrusion Rome Empire of a support day ear Mann national)2, and brother special type building of

　　 As one of the three architectural styles in the medieval West, Gothic architecture represents characteristics of the time, the sacred mysteries, noble dignity, gorgeous sensory effects caused by the heaven of the world’s attractiveness. As an art style, Gothic style making the medieval western art forms-sculpture, paintings, furniture and various arts and crafts , and even calligraphy has its own distinct characteristics. Its value has long exceeded the building itself , has become a symbol of the spirit of the middle ages , the aesthetic impact of the middle ages , but also affect our understanding of architecture and the aesthetic experience nowadays.
　　哥特式建筑作为西方三大建筑风格之一，代表着中世纪的时代特征，神圣的奥秘，崇高的威严，华丽的感官效果所造成的天国世界的吸引力。哥特式风格作为一种艺术风格，使得中世纪西方的各种艺术形式——雕刻、绘画、家具及各种工艺美术，甚至是书法都具有了自身鲜明的特点。它的价值早已超过了建筑本身，成为中世纪的精神象征，影响了中世纪的审美，更影响了今天我们对建筑的理解和对审美的体验。

Gothic art

Gothic art was a Medieval art movement that developed in France out of Romanesque art in the mid-12th century, led by the concurrent development of Gothic architecture. It spread to all of Western Europe, but took over art more completely north of the Alps, never quite effacing more classical styles in Italy. In the late 14th century, the sophisticated court style of International Gothic developed, which continued to evolve until the late 15th century. In many areas, especially Germany, Late Gothic art continued well into the 16th century, before being subsumed into Renaissance art. Primary media in the Gothic period included sculpture, panel painting, stained glass, fresco and illuminated manuscript.

The earliest Gothic art was monumental sculpture, on the walls of Cathedrals and abbeys. Christian art was often typological in nature (see Medieval allegory), showing the stories of the New Testament and the Old Testament side by side. Saints' lives were often depicted. Images of the Virgin Mary changed from the Byzantine iconic form to a more human and affectionate mother, cuddling her infant, swaying from her hip, and showing the refined manners of a well-born aristocratic courtly lady.

Secular art came in to its own during this period with the rise of cities, foundation of universities, increase in trade, the establishment of a money-based economy and the creation of a bourgeois class who could afford to patronize the arts and commission works resulting in a proliferation of paintings and illuminated manuscripts. Increased literacy and a growing body of secular vernacular literature encouraged the representation of secular themes in art. With the growth of cities, trade guilds were formed and artists were often required to be members of a painters' guild—as a result, because of better record keeping, more artists are known to us by name in this period than any previous, some artists were even so bold as to sign their names.

Gothic Architecture
Gothic architecture has three distinct characteristics which set it apart from Romanesque; pointed arches, ribbed vault, and flying buttresses. These developments allowed the architects to make the church much larger and brighter. By transferring the weight of the ceilings outward thrust to the flying buttresses, they were now able to place huge stain glass windows in the walls. this allowed the once dim Romanesque Cathedral to be transformed into a very bright and warm feeling Gothic Cathedral. These churches also reflect the wealth and influence of the church in the Middle Ages. Many of these churches and cathedrals took over a century to build

---

万山特区18091841395： 美国哥特式 - ？
威帘泉盈： Gothic渊源和特征 早期美国通俗小说的第三道风景线为哥特式小说(gothic fiction).“哥特式”(gothic)这个词在英语里有多种含义.它既是一个文学词汇,又是一个历史术语,还可以用作建筑和艺术方面的专门...

万山特区18091841395： 哥特式的来历? - ？
威帘泉盈： 哥德式建筑(英语:Gothic architecture),或译作歌德式建筑,是一种兴盛于中世纪高峰与末期的建筑风格.它由罗曼式建筑发展而来,为文艺复兴建筑所继承.发源于十二世纪的法国,持续至十六世纪,哥德式建筑在当代普遍被称作“法国式”(Opus Francigenum),“哥德式”一词则于文艺复兴后期出现,带有贬意.哥德式建筑的特色包括尖形拱门、肋状拱顶与飞拱.

万山特区18091841395： 哥特式的来源？
威帘泉盈：哥特(Goth)包含多种意思,主要有:1、哥特人的,哥特族的(指曾入侵罗马帝国的一支日耳曼民族);2、哥特式建筑的(12至16世纪流行于西欧的建筑风格,以尖拱﹑ 拱顶﹑ 细长柱等为特点);3、哥特派的,哥特风格的(18世纪的一种...

万山特区18091841395： 哥特式一词是谁提出的? - ？
威帘泉盈： 哥特式(Gotische,亦译高惕式)一词,和“野蛮”的形式相联系,可以说是一种蔑称,这是16世纪艺术史家知瓦萨里提出的.就像热尔曼·巴赞所说的,“哥特式”(“Gothic”)一词是“日道耳曼”(“tedesco”)或条顿(文艺复兴时期意大利人用以贬低中世纪艺术的用词)的法语同义词.确切地说,哥特式起源于哥特族,哥特族是波罗的海和黑海一带的游牧民族,是中世纪初期入侵欧洲的“蛮族”中的主要力量.蛮族在文艺各方面对回欧洲带来了新鲜血液,特别是在建筑方面.建筑是中世纪基督教欧洲的主要艺术贡献,主要代表作是一些大教堂,它们大半是哥特式的.黑格尔把中世纪艺术归为浪漫型艺术,也主要从哥答特式建筑着眼的.

万山特区18091841395： 哥特式风格起源什么?？
威帘泉盈： 哥特式建筑是11世纪下半叶起源于法国,13~15世纪流行于欧洲的一种建筑风格.主要见于天主教堂,也影响到世俗建筑. 哥特式建筑主要由石头的骨架券和飞扶壁组成.其基本单元是在一个正方形或矩形平面四角的柱子上作双圆心骨架尖券,四边和对角线上各一道,屋面石板架在券上,形成拱顶.采用这种方式,可以在不同跨度上作出矢高相同的券,拱顶重量轻,交线分明,减少了券脚的推力,简化了施工. 由于采用了尖券、尖拱和飞扶壁等建筑形式,哥特式教堂的内部空间高旷、单纯、统一.装饰细部也都用尖券作主题,使建筑风格与结构手法形成有机整体. 哥特式建筑以其高超的技术和艺术成就,在建筑史上占有重要地位.

万山特区18091841395： 哥特式字体的历史.英文版 - ？
威帘泉盈： 非主流最先源于美国.哥特式(Gothic):1、哥特人的, 哥特族的(指曾入侵罗马帝国的一支日耳曼民族)2、哥特式建筑的(12至16世纪流行於西欧的建筑风格, 以尖拱、 拱顶、 细长柱等为特点)3、哥特派的, 哥特风格的(18世纪的一种...

万山特区18091841395： 哥特式是什么意思?？
威帘泉盈： 包含多种意思,主要有:1、哥特人的,哥特族的(指曾入侵罗马帝国的一支日耳曼民族);2、哥特式建筑的(12至16世纪流行于西欧的建筑风格,以尖拱﹑ 拱顶﹑ 细长柱等为特点);3、哥特派的,哥特风格的(18世纪的一种文学风格,通常描述有神秘或恐怖气氛的爱情故事);4、指字体,哥特字体的;5、指颜色,红与黑哥特(Gothic)这个特定的词汇原先的意思是西欧的日耳曼部族.在18世纪到19世纪的建筑文化与书写层面,所谓“哥特复兴”(Gothic Revival)将中古世纪的阴暗情调从历史脉络的墓穴中挖掘出来.

万山特区18091841395： 美国哥特式艺术的英文介绍 - ？
威帘泉盈：[答案] 格兰特·伍德是美国乡土画派的重要代表画家. 1930年在芝加哥艺术学院展出的这幅震惊画坛的《美国哥特式》肖像画.伍德运用一种外 表极其刻板的写实技巧描绘形象,脱去了现代的浮华,形式上有点类似美国殖民地时期的 肖像画,很受有怀旧心...

万山特区18091841395： 哥特式起源??？
威帘泉盈： 哥特文化保罗很广,不知道你指的是哪一个方面? 哥特式建筑是11世纪下半叶起源于法国,13~15世纪流行于欧洲的一种建筑风格.主要见于天主教堂,也影响到世俗建筑.哥特式建筑以其高超的技术和艺术成就,在建筑史上占有重要地位. ...

万山特区18091841395： 用英文介绍美国哥特式文化 急急急急!!!! - ？
威帘泉盈： 我表示我已经尽力了,先找了一些材料然后再进行翻译.Brother special (Goth), and brother special type (Gothic): 1, and brother special people of, brother special family of (means has intrusion Rome Empire of a support day ear Mann national)2, and brother special type building of