英语语法从句高手请进！帮我看看这些从句的例句语法是否正确?
名词性从句是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句，其功同名词一样。
一．主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如：
It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.
It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.
It is in the morning that the murder took place.
It is John that broke the window.
2. 用it 作形式主语的结构
(1) It is ＋名词＋从句
It is a fact that … 事实是…
It is an honor that …非常荣幸
It is common knowledge that …是常识
(2) it is ＋形容词＋从句
It is natural that… 很自然…
It is strange that… 奇怪的是…
(3) it is ＋不及物动词＋从句
It seems that… 似乎…
It happened that… 碰巧…
(4) it ＋过去分词＋从句
It is reported that… 据报道…
It has been proved that… 已证实…
3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况
(1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
(2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right)
That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong)
(3) It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right)
That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong)
(4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. (right)
Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. (wrong)
(5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：
Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right)
Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong)
4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别
What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如：
1) What you said yesterday is right.
2) That she is still alive is a consolation.
二．宾语从句
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。
1. 作动词的宾语
(1) 由that引导的宾语从句（that 通常可以省略）,例如：
I heard that be joined the army.
(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如：
1) She did not know what had happened.
2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.
(3) 动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。例如：
She told me that she would accept my invitation.
2. 作介词的宾语
例如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.
3. 作形容词的宾语
例如：I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.
That 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：
Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。
4. It 可以作为形式宾语
It 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如：
We heard it that she would get married next month..
5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词
这类动词有Allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。例如：
I admire their winning the match. (right)
I admire that they won the match. (wrong)
6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词
有些动词不可用于“动词＋间接宾语＋that从句“结构中，常见的有Envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如：
He impressed the manager as an honest man. (right)
He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. (wrong)
7. 否定的转移
若主句谓语动词为Think, consider, wuppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：
I don’t think this dress fits you well.（我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。）
三．表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有the reason is that… 和It is because 等结构。例如：
1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.
2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people
3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.
4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.
四．同位语从句
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。
1. 同位语从句的功能
同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如：
1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.
2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.
2. 同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.
3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。
(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：
1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）
2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）
只要有从句，就得用引导词。
引导词的功能就是把一个句子引导入另外的一个句子中成为从句。
例句： The person gave me a free ride is the lorry driver.
1）句子本身没有语法错误，但是这不是主语从句，只要把它化简分析就可以一目了然：
* 句子的主要成分：The person is the lorry driver. 主系表结构。
* 过去分词短语 gave me a free ride 是 the person 的后置定语，也可以改为定语从句：(the person) who gave me a free ride ,意思是“让我免费乘坐的（那个人）”。
2）所谓主语从句指的是用句子作主语，或者是把主语扩展成一个句子，引导主语从句有四种情况：
that 从句 —— 用来陈述一个事实，如：
* That the person gave me a free ride / is known to you. 那个人让我免费乘坐这件事你已经知道。
wh- 从句：陈述已知的具体问题，如：
* How the person gave me a free ride / is known to you. 那个人怎么让我免费乘坐你已经知道。
if/whether 从句：陈述未知的或然问题，如：
* If/whether the person gave me a free ride / was still not known. 那个人是否让我免费乘坐还是个未知数。
关系代词型从句：表示“所...的（东西、事情、话等）”
* What he said / was not quite right. 他所说的不完全正确。
另外前三种从句都可以用形式主语 it 改写：
* It is known to you / that the person gave me a free ride.
* It is known to you / how the person gave me a free ride.
* It is known to you / whether/if the person gave me a free ride.
2. 宾语从句
例句：I heard that a lorry driver gave you a free ride.
这是一个标准的宾语从句。除 that 引导外，也可以用上述的其它三种引导。
3. 表语从句
例句：The lorry driver is who gave me a free ride.
这个句子在语法表面很像一个表语从句，但是意思上却说不通。
这类从句的主语只能用表示事情的名词充当，不能用具体的人或东西。举例如下：
* The news I heard is / that the lorry driver gave him a free ride. 我听到的消息时达车司机让他免费乘坐汽车。
* The question is / when the lorry driver will give me a free ride. 问题是卡车司机什么时候让我免费乘坐。
* My doubt is / if the lorry driver will give me a free ride. 我的疑虑是卡车司机是否会让我免费乘坐。
4. 同位语从句
例句：I heard the story that a lorry driver gave you a free ride.
正确。
归纳：以上的从句统称为名词从句，名词从句有四种类型（已经在主语从句做过介绍）。
1）that 从句；
2）wh-从句（包括when, where, why, who, which 和 how）；
3）if/whether从句；
4）关系代词性从句（包括what/whatever——所...的东西、事情、话等；where/wherever——所...的地方；when/whenever——所...的时间；）
5. 定语从句
例句：This is the lorry driver who gave me a free ride.
正确。
6. 状语从句
例句：I thanked the lorry driver because he gave me a free ride.（原因状语）
正确。
1.主语从句The person who gave me a free ride is the lorry driver.
2.宾语从句I heard that a lorry driver gave you a free ride.
3.表语从句：The lorry driver is the person who gave me a ride.
4.同位语从句:I heard the story that a lorry driver gave you a free ride.
5.定语从句:This is the lorry driver who gave me a free ride.
6.状语从句:I thanked the lorry driver because he gave me a free ride.（原因状语）
1.主语从句
例句： The person who gave me a free ride is the lorry driver.
3.表语从句
例句：The lorry driver is the person who gave me a free ride.
第1句改为:
The person gave me a free ride is a lorry driver.
第4句也可以写为:
I heard a story that a lorry driver gave you a free ride.
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