直接引语和间接引语

什么叫做直接引语和间接引语~

引述某人的话一般采用两种形式：一种是直接引语（Direct Speech），即原封不动地引用原话，把它放在引号内；另一种是间接引语（Indirect Speech），即用自己的话加以转述，被转述的内容不放在引号内。
间接引语大都是宾语从句，当直接引语为祈使句，陈述句，疑问句被转换成间接引语时，句子的结构，人称，时态，时间，时间状语和地点状语等都要发生改变。间接引语其实就是我们所说的第三人称转述。

扩展资料
直接引语变间接引语：
1、陈述句的间接引语
直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，在多数情况下都构成一个that引导的宾语从句，引述动词通常是say, tell等。与此同时，间接引语中的人称、时态和其他方面也要相应有所变化。
The foreigner aid to me, I like Beijing very much.那老外告诉我：我很喜欢北京。
→ The foreigner told me that he she liked Beijing very much. 那老外告诉我说他（她）很喜欢北京。
She said,We are very fond of sports. 她说：我们都喜欢体育运动。
→ She said that they were very fond of sports. 她说他（她）们都喜欢体运动。
I'll go over the grammar lesson once again,he said. 他说：我将把语法课再复习一遍。
→ He said he would go over the grammar lesson once again. 他说他将要把语法课再复习一遍。（that可省略）
2、疑问句的间接引语
（1）一般疑问句和反意疑问句
一般疑问句改为间接引语时，要用陈述语序，并要加连词if 或 whether，其主句动词常用ask, wonder, wantto know, didn't know等。句末不用问号。
My teacher asked me, Do you like American country music 我老师问我：你喜欢美国乡村音乐吗？
→ My teacher asked me ifwhether I liked American country music. 我老师问我是否喜欢美国乡村音乐。
You haven't been to Beijing, have you asked he. 他问：你没去过北，是吗？
→ He asked me ifwhether I had been to Beijing. 他问我是否去过北京。
（2）否定的一般疑问句和选择问句
如果直接引语为否定的一般问句或选择疑问句时，用whether……or 连接。
She said, Don't you know my telephone number 她说：你难道不知道我的电话号码吗？
→ She asked me whether I knew her telephone number or not. 她问我是知道她的电话号码。
Do you like this one or that one Tom asked. 汤姆问：你是喜欢这个还是那个？
→ Tom asked me whether I liked this one or that one. 汤姆问我是喜欢这个还是那个。
（3）特殊疑问句
间接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语前仍然用特殊疑问词作为连词引导宾语从句，注意从句必须用陈述语序，主句谓语动词常用ask。
He asked, How do you like it 他问：你觉得怎样？
→ He asked me how I liked it. 他问我觉得它怎样。
She asked me, What's the matter with you 她问我：你怎么啦？
→ She asked me what was the matter with me. 她问我我怎么啦。
How many books do you have she asked. 她问：你有多少本书？
→ She asked me how many books I had. 她问我有多少本。
参考资料来源：百度百科-直接引语
参考资料来源：百度百科-间接引语

直接引语

1）引述别人的（或者自己的）话时，如果照样重述原话，这部分话就叫直接引语。

2）引用者可以在直接引语以外加上自己的话，说明所引用的话是谁说的。引用自己的话可以：
（1）分放在直接引语的前后两边，有下面几种情形：
①主语在前，引文后用“라고(하고,고)

말하다(대합하다,묻다…)”结束。

형님은 >고 하였다. 哥哥说：我也去百货商店。

②表示引用的接续词尾“라고(하고,고)”省略，引文后直接用“이렇게 말하다,이렇게 대답하다…”等。
그는 나에게 > 이렇게 말하였다. 他对我说：明天离开。
③引文前加上 “말하기를, 대답하기를, 묻기를…”等。
그는 말하기를 >라고 말하였다. 他说：我是韩国留学生。

(2)全部放在直接引语的后边。

> 하고 그는 물었다. ”教室大吗“他问;

（3）全部放在直接引语的前面。선생님은 이렇게 말씀하셨습니다.> 老师这样说：仔细写作业。
（4）在特殊的文件中，说话者的话还可插入直接引语中间。
> ”自满“他又一次强调，”学习中最危险的方面

“间接引语“

1）引用时说话者用自己的话来转述别人的意思（或自己的原话），这叫间接引语。间接引语的阶称全部用基本阶（疑问式还可用准平阶）。
直接引语变为间接引语的方法直接引语变为间接引语时，要对句子中的某些部分作相应的变动。

I韩国句子大体分为四种，陈述，疑问，命令，征求意见……

1)편서문 （陈述句） ---다고 하다 [대요]

과거:A/V-았/었다고 (말)하다 듣다
영희는 오늘 아침을 안 먹었다고 말했어요。 영희说今天早上没有吃早点
수미는 그 일이 절말 힘들었다고 했는데 토니는 별로 힘들지 않았다고 했어요。 수미说这个工作很难，토니说一点也不难。
현재:A-다고 하다 V-ㄴ/는 다고 하다
학생들은 시험이 어렵다고 말해요. 学生们说考试很难。
여름에 사람들은 바다로 간다고 들었어요。 听说夏天人们都去海边。
미래:V-(으)ㄹ 거라고 하다 A/V-(으)ㄹ 거라고[것이 라고] N-(이)라고 하다일기예보에서 태풍이 올 것이라고 했어요。 天气预报中说要来台风了。
오전에는 맑다가 오후부터 흐려질 거라고 해요。 早上天晴，下午开始天气浑浊。
전화 번호가 몇번이 라고 했지요。 电话号码是多少（没听清，再问的时候说的）
의문문(疑问句)---냐고 하다[냬요]

과거:A/V-느나고 하다
어제 날씨가 추웠느냐고 물었어요。 听说昨天天气很冷？
선생님께서 한국 생활에 익속해져느냐고 물어 보셨어요。 老师问我们韩国生活熟悉了吗？

현재:A-(으)냐고 하다 V-느냐고 하다 N-(이)냐고 하다
준선씨가 나에게 이 책이 재미있느냐고 했어요。 준선问我这书有意思吗？
한국 사람들은 처음 만나면 나에게 어디에 사느냐고 물어봐요。 第一次见韩国人，他们问我住哪里？
바바라 씨에게 그 일을 하겠느냐고 물어 보세요。 问바바라，要干这个工作吗？

미래:V-(으)ㄹ 거냐고 하다
선생님께서 무엇에 대해서 발표할 거냐고 제게 물어보셨어요。 问老师要发表什么？
그 일이 언제 끌낼 거냐고 해서 내일까지 끝낼 거라고 했어요。 什么时候结束工作？明天结束工作？

3)명령문(命令)---라고 하다[래요]:
"주라고“和”달라고“的区别：
用달라고有两种情况 ①对于刚才说的话，重复一遍。②向一个人转述另一个人的刚才所说的话，对话涉及的对象只有这两个在说话的人。。
向一个人转述另一个人的刚才所说的话，对话所涉及到第三个人。这种情况下用주라고。。。
선샌님께서 설명을 잘 들으라고 하셨어요。 老师说仔细听说明。
철수가 저녁에 전화해 달라고 했어요。 철수说晚上打电话来。
비빔밥을 주세요.---비빔밥을 달라고 했어요。 给我石锅拌饭。
설랑탕은 이분에게 드리세요.---설랑탕은 이분에게 드리라고 했어요。 把설랑탕给这位。
청유문(征求意见) ---자고 하다 [재요]가:우리 내일 수영장에 갑시다。 我们明天一起去游泳场。
나:네,좋아요,우리 다씨하고 도 같이갑시다。 好的，我们叫다 一起去。
다:기씨가 내일 수영장에 가자고 했어요。 가说明天去游泳场

（1）阶称的变动"
명수는 >하고 말했어요. 명수说：明天去看电影。
명수는 영화를 보러 가자고 말했어요. 명수说明天去看电影。

>하고 그는 물었다. 他问：这里是广播电视台吗？;

거기가 방송국인가고 그는 물었다. 他问，这里是广播电视台吗？
（2）人称、时间、处所等要作相应的变动。

{그는 “나도 가겠습니다”하고 말하였다. 他说：我也去。
그는 자기도 가겠다고 말하였다. 他说我也去。
순희는 “여기가 우리 집이요”하고 말하였다. 순희：这里是我的家。.

순희는 거기가 자기네 집이라고 말했다. 순희这里是我的家。
아버지는 “너는 내일에 거기로 가라.”하고 말씀하셨어요. 爸爸说：你明天去那。

아버지는 저를 오늘에 여기로 오라고 말씀하셨어요. 爸爸叫我明天去那里。
（3）其他改动그는 “왕선생! 언제 돌아왔습니까?”하고 물었다. 他说：왕선생，什么时候回来？
그는 왕선생에게 언제 돌아왔느냐고 물었다. 他对왕선생说，什么时候回来？

直接引语
[编辑本段]直接引语
引用别人的话有两种方式，一种是讲述别人的原话，并把它放在引号里，这叫直接引语；另一种是用自己的话来转述别人，并且不能用引号，这就是间接引语。直接引语[1]和间接引语之间可以互相转换。
She said "My brother doesn't want to go there." [直接引语]
她说：“我哥哥不想去那儿。”
→She said that her brother didn't want to go here.[间接引语]
He said to her, "I'll help your brother with his English."[直接引语]
他对她说：“我将帮你弟弟学英语。”
→He told her that he'd help her brother with his English.
[编辑本段]直接引语变间接引语的五点变化
1.时态变化
直接引语变为间接引语时，若主句为过去时态，变为间接引语的宾语从句的时态如下表：
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
一般过去时 过去完成时
一般将来时 过去将来时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
过去完成时 过去完成时（不变）
过去进行时 过去进行时（不变）
can could
may might
must must/ had to

eg:
"l like English very much,"he said.
他说：“我很喜欢英语。”
→He said that he liked English very much.
He said, "It would rain soon."
他说：“很快就会下雨。”
→He said that it would rain soon.
注意：
[1] 若直接引语为客观真理，则变为间接引语时时态不变：
The teacher said to us,"Knowledge is power."老师对我们说：“知识就是力量”
→The teacher told us that knowledge is power.
[2]有时由于直接引语有特定的过去时态状语，变为间接引语时时态也可不变：
He said that his daughter was born in 1997."他说：“我的女儿是1997年出生的。”
→He said that his daughter was born in 1997.
2.时间状语的变化
直接引语变为间接引语时，有些时间状语也要作相应的变动。
直接引语 间接引语
now 现在 then 那时；当时
today 今天 that day 那天
tonight 今晚 that night 那天晚上
this week 本周 that week 上周
yesterday 昨天 the day before前一天
the day before yesterday 前天 two days before 前两天
two days ago 两天前 three days before 三天前
last week 上周 the last week 前一周
tomorrow 明天 the next day 第二天
next week 下周 the next week 第二个星期

eg:
He said,"l'm sleeping now ."他说：“我现在在睡觉。”
→He said that he was sleeping then.
各类句子由直接引语变间接引语的方法 1.当直接引语为陈述句时，变为间接引语的方法是：将直接引语变为由that引导的宾语从句，跟在引述的动词之后（that也可以省略）。eg:
She said :"My sister doesn't want to come here."她说：“我妹妹不愿意来这。”
→She said that her sister didn't want to go there .
2.当直接引语为一般疑问句时，变间接引语的方法：将直接引语变为由 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句跟在叙述动词之后。eg:
"ls everybody here?"the teacher asked.老师问道：“大家都到齐了么？”
→The teacher asked if / whether everbody was there.
3.当直接引语为特殊疑问句时，变为间接引语的方法是：将直接引语变为由“疑问词”引导的宾语从句，跟在引述之后。eg:
She asked ,:"Where does he live?“ 她问：“你住在哪里？”
→She asked where he lived.
4.当直接引语为祈使句时，变为间接引语的方法是：使用ask / tell / order sb. to do sth. 这一结构进行转换，若祈使句为否定式则用ask / tell / order sb. not to do sth., 其中ask, tell, order 的选择要根据句子的语气而定。eg:
"Get up early tomorrow , Bill,"he said. 他说：“比尔，明天早点起床。”
→He told Bill to get up early the next day.
5.直接引语如果是感叹句，改为间接引语时，改成用疑问代词what或疑问副词how引导的宾语从句。也可以改为that引导的从句。e.g.
He said to me ,"What a beautiful park it is."
→ He told me what a beautiful park it was.
或 He told me that the park was quite beautiful.
1.He said he didn't like that book.
2.She asked if/whether I knew the teacher's name.
3.Tge teacher told/asked us not to play football in that room.
4.Mary asked me to lock the door when I left .
5.The teacher said the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949.
6.He asked how I had finished my job the day before.
7.Mother said (that) I ought to clean the room that day.
8.He said he had been there before I went.
9.She asked when my father would go fishing .
10.He asked me if /whether I wanted to join them.
这些资料可能对你有帮助，看看吧！没坏处的 注意活学活用
直接引语转化为间接引语：
一、如何变人称：
下面有一句顺口溜“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：
She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go with her.
“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：
He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was then。
“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：
Mr Smith said。 "Jack is a good worker。"→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。
二、如何变时态：
直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。
现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如：
1)She said. "I have lost a pen."→She said she had lost a pen
2)She said. "We hope so."→She said they hoped so.
3) She said. "He will go to see his friend。"→She said he would go to see his friend。
但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。
①直接引语是客观真理。
"The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。
②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：
Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。
③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：
Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980。" →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。
④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：
He said, "I get up at six every morning。" →He said he gets up at six every morning。
⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如：
Peter said. "You had better come have today。" →Peter said I had better go there that day。
三、如何变状语：
直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规津，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then, yesterday。变为 the day before）地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”（例：this 改为that),如：
He said, "These books are mine." →He said those books were his.
四、如何变句型：
①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.
②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如：He said, "Can you swim, John?" →He asked John if he could swim.
"You have finished the homework, haven‘t you?" my mother asked. →My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.
"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" →He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.
③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。
She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"→ She asked me when they had their dinner.
④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth."句型。如：
"Don’t make any noise," she said to the children. →She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. "Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.
⑤直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）。”如：
He said, "Let’s go to the film." →He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.
引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。例如：
John said, "I’m going to London with my father."
约翰说："我要和父亲到伦敦去。"（引号内是直接引语）
John said that he was going to London with his father.
约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语）
由直接引语变为间接引语，分以下情况：
1． 直接引语是陈述句时
间接引语为that引导的宾语从句（口语中that可以省略），主句的引述动词主要有say ,tell, repeat, explain, think等。
He said , "You are younger than I."-’He said (that ) I was younger than him.
2.直接引语是疑问句时
间接引语为陈述语序：主句的谓语动词say 改为ask,或改为wonder, do not know, want to know, be not sure, be puzzled等。
（1） 一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句。
She said, "Do you often come here to read newspapers?"
→She asked me if (或whether)I often went there to read newspapers.
She asked me , "You have seen the film, haven’t you?"
→She asked me whether(或if )I had seen the film.
（2） 选择疑问句变为whether….or 宾语从句。
I asked him, "Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?"
→I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.
(3)特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。
He asked , "Where do you live?"
→He asked me where I lived.
3.直接引语是祈使句时
间接引语为不定式，作ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise等动词的宾语补足语（don’t 变为not ）.
The teacher said to the boy, "Open the window."→The teacher told the boy to open the window.
His father said to him , "Don’t leave the door open."→His father told him not to leave the door open.
[注意]
（1） 有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest ,insist等动词 加以转述。例如：
He said, "Let’s go to the theatre."
→He suggested (our )going to the theatre.或He suggested that we(should) go to the theatre.
(2) "Would you mind opening the window?" he asked.
→He asked me to open the window.
"Why don’t you take a walk after supper?" he asked .
→he advised me to take a walk after supper.
"Shall we listen to the music?" he asked.
→He suggested listening to the music.
4.直接引语是感叹句时
间接引语为what 或how 引导，也可以用that 引导。
She said, "What a lovely day it is !"
→She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day.
5．如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态。如果主句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化：
（1） 一般现在时变为一般过去时
（2） 现在进行时变为过去进行时
（3） 一般将来时变为过去将来时
（4） 现在完成时变为过去完成时
（5） 一般过去时变为过去完成时
（6） 过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时
[注意]
（1） 如果直接引语是表示客观真理时，变为间接引语，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：
The teacher said "The earth goes round the sun."
→The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
（2） 如果直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语，变为间接引语时，一般过去时不改为过去完成时。如：
He said to me, "I was born in 1973."
→He told me that he was born in 1973.
(3)如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效，变为间接宾语时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：
He said, "I’m a boy, not a girl."
→He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.
(4)如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作，在变为间接引时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：
The girl said, "I get up at six every morning."
→The girl said that she gets up at six every morning.
(5)如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。如：
He said to me, "I have taught English since he came here ."
→He told me that he had taught English since he came here.
(6)如果直接引语中含有情态动词 must, need, had better以及情态动词的过去式could, might, should, would,在变为间接引语时，这些情态动词没有时态的改变。例如：
The teacher said to me . "You must pay more attention to your pronunciation."
→The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation.
He said , "I could swim when I was only six ."
→He said that he could swim when he was only six.
6.代词等一般地应作用相应的变化。
指示代词 this ---that
these--- those
表示时间的词 now --- then
today--- that day
this week(month ,etc) ----that week (month ,etc)
yesterday ----the day before
last week(month) --- the week(month) before
three days(a year)ago---three days(a year)before
tomorrow ----the next (following ) day
next week(month)--the next(following)week(month)
表地点的词 here --there
动词 bring -- take
come --go
6.语序变化
疑问句一律使用陈述句语序，不能使用疑问句语序。

直接引语变间接引语就是写成宾语从句或动词不定式短语,要注意以下几点:人称变化,时态变化,宾语从句
[解题过程]
1,直接引语是陈述句,变成间接引语,由连词that 引导.
例如:She said: " I am very happy to help you."
She said that she was very happy to help you.
2,直接引语是一般,选择或反问疑问句,变成间接引语,由连词whether或if 引导.
例如:He asked me: "Do you come from China "
He asked me if/whether I came from China.
注意:大多数情况下,if ,whether 可以互换,但句中出现or not,或放在介词后作连接词,只用whether.
例如:She asked whether he could do it or not.
They cried out whether he was all right.
1,直接引语是特殊疑问句,变成间接引语,由相应的疑问词who ,whom, whose, how, when, why, where 等引导.
例如:My sister asked me : " What is your friend "
My sister asked me what your friend was.
2,直接引语是祈使句,变成间接引语,把动词原形变成动词不定式,并在动词不定前加tell, ask, order 的宾语.
例如:The solider ordered:" Be quiet."
The solider ordered us to be quiet.
注意:否定句,在动词不定式前加not
My teacher asked me :" Don't laugh ."
My teacher asked me not to laugh.
5. 一些注意事项
(!)直接引语是客观事实,永恒真理,变成间接引语时,时态不变.
例如:
They told their son :"The earth goes round the sun."
They told their son that the earth goes round the sun.
(2)直接引语变间接引语时, 指示代词,时间,地点状语作相应的变化.
例如:this—that , these—those, now—then, today—that day, yesterday—the day before, last year---the year before,ago—before, here---there
(3)直接引语是复合句,以since, when, while 引导的状语从句,变成间接引语时, 只改变主句的时态,不改变从句的时态.
例如:He said : "Jim is doing his homework when his father came in."
He said that Jim was doing his homework when his father came in.
(4)间接引语一定要用陈述句的语序,即主,谓,宾的顺序.
例如: They asked: " where are you from "
They asked where you were from.

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例如：1.He tells me :"You must give up smoking!"
He tells me that I must give up smoking.
他告诉我必须戒烟。
2.My mother phones me :"I'm coming to see you."
My mother phones me that she's coming to see me.
我妈妈告诉我她将来看我。
注意：当主句时态为一般现在时时，间接引语的时态与直接引语
的时态保持一致。但请注意人称的变化。

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