定语从句的用法

定语从句的用法~

在复合句中 ， 修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句， 被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词 ， 引导定语从句的有关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that等和关系副词where, when, why等 ， 关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。
1、由who引导的定语从句中 ， who用作主语 ， 如 ： This is the boy who often helps me。
2、由whom引导的定语从句中，whom用作宾语，如：The man whom you are waiting for has gone home。
3、由whose引导的定语从句中 ， whose用作定语 ， 如 ： Do you know the girl whose skirt is white?
4、由which引导的定语从句中，which用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语，如：
The room in which there is a machine is a work shop。
The river which is in front of my house is very clean。
This is the pen which you want。
5、由that引导的定语从句中，that可以指人或物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语，但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语，如：
The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun。
6、由when, where, why引导的定语从句，如:
I don't know the reason why he was late。
7、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
(1)限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, of which等，这些关系代词都不能省略。
(2)非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明 ， 没有这种从句 ， 不影响主句意思的完整 ， 一般用逗号把主句和从句分开 ， 关系代词用 which,不用that;指人时可用who,如 ： I have two brothers, who are both students。
8、如何简化定语从句
（1）.定语从句简化为形容词或形容词短语作后置定语。如:
My grandfather lives in a village that is far away from here。
（2） 定语从句简化为现在分词或现在分词短语作前置或后置定语。
The man who is standing under the tree is our English teacher。

扩展资料
注意在下面几种情况下必须用 that引导定语从句。
(1)先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等 ， 如 ：
All that we have to do is to practise English。
(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，如
The first letter that I got from him will be kept。
(3)先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰 ， 如
I've eaten up all the food that you gave me。
(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时如
He is the only person that I want to talk with。
(5)先行词既有人又有物时，如:
They talked about persons and things that they met。
(6)当句中已有who时 ， 为避免重复 ， 如 ： Who is the man that is giving us the
class?
参考资料来源：百度百科-定语从句

I. 限制性定语从句的特殊用法 II. 非限制性定语从句 III. 同位语从句 IV. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别 I. 限制性定语从句的特殊用法 1. way + 定语从句 way 后面跟定语从句有三种形式。 (1) way + in which + 定语从句 例如： She was pleased with the way in which he had accepted her criticism. (2) way + that +定语从句 例如： They didn’t do it in the way that we do now. (3) way + 定语从句 例如： He didn’t speak the way I do. 2. as 引导的定语从句 (1) 在由 as 引导的定语从句中所修饰的词（先行词）前面常有 such 或 the same。 例如： Such people as you describe are rare nowadays. I have the same trouble as you (have). (2) As 在定语从句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。 例如： Let’s discuss only such questions as concern everyone of us.（作主语） I never heard such stories as he tells.（作宾语） I’ve never seen such a clever man as he is.（作表语） (3) As 有时引导非限制性定语从句，可在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语，修饰主句，常解释为正如、如同。 例如： As is known to all, the earth moves round the sun.（作主语） As was expected, he performed the task with success.（作主语） As he predicted, the wind changed.（作宾语） The meeting is very important, as indeed it is.（作表语） II. 非限制性定语从句 1.非限制性定语从句由 who, whom, which 引导（不可用 that），还可以由 whose, when, where 等词引导。 非限制性定语从句要用逗号隔开，非限制性定语从句可以删去，整个句子的意思还是完整的，而限制性定语从句如果被删去，句子的意思不完整。 例如： Mr Brown, who is our English teacher, lives near our school. Yesterday I met my son’s school master, whom you saw at my home last year. He has finished the difficult exercise, which is easy for you. The factory is headed by a 35-year-old man, whose wife is from America. They will fly to Qingdao, where they plan to stay for two weeks. In these days, when I was a child, the city had no industry to speak of. 注意：非限制性定语从句中的关系词是不可省略的。 2.非限制性定语从句有时并非修饰名词或代词，它可以修饰整个句子。 例如： They have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them. 3.in front of, at the back of, in the middle of 等短语在定语从句中的用法。 如果关系代词是作这类介词短语的宾语时，介词短语必须提前。 例如： Yesterday afternoon we arrived at his log cabin, in front of which stood a tall tree. 4.注意此类句子表达方式。 There are forty students in their class, thirty of whom are League members. 也可以改成 There are forty students in their class, of whom thirty are League members. III.同位语从句 同位语从句常跟在 idea, fact, doubt, thought, belief, news, hope 等词后面，由连接代词 that（不可用 which）和连接副词 when, where, whether 等引导。 例如： I had no idea that you were here. The fact that he is unfit for his job is quite clear. Then arose the question where we were to get the machine needed. All the time she was in bitter doubt whether she was right. IV.同位语从句和定语从句的区别 同位语从句用于名词后面，对该名词的内容作进一步说明，连接词在从句中不作成份。 定语从句用于修饰名词或代词，引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词往往在定语从句中作一个成份。 例如： Have you heard the news that Mr Smith will come to give a lecture on Irish Fairy Tales? 这里that 引导的是同位语从句，不可以用 which 代替 that， 连接代词在从句中不作成份。 Have you told him the news that I told you last week? 这里that 引导的是定语从句，可以用 which 代替 that，它在定语从句中作宾语。 定语从句是名词性从句中一种很重要的语法，一定要学好噢！加油！！

采纳哦

定语从句
定语从句是用来修饰,描述或提供有关名词,代词或整个主句信息的从句.它在整个句子中起形容词的作用.被修饰的名词,语法上称作先行词.从句由关系代词或关系副词引导.关系代词和关系副词不仅起引导定语从句,连接先行词的作用,同时还充当定语从句中的一个成分,如:主语,宾语,介词宾语,表语,定语或状语等.定语从句由下列关系代词和关系副词引导:
(1) who, whom, that
(2) which, that
(3) whose
(4) when Where why
1. 修饰,指代人物
关系代词who, that 引导的从句修饰,指代人物,在从句中作主语.
(1) 关系代词作主语
(1) I thank the woman.
She helped me.
a. I thank the woman who helped me.
b. I thank the woman that helped me.
(2) 关系代词作宾语
关系代词whom, who, that 在从句中作动词宾语时,修饰,指代人物.Whom 是宾格形式, 常用于较正式的英语中.who和that 常用于口语和非正式的英语中.在口语和非正式英语中更多的情况下,作动词宾语的关系代词常被省略.
(2)The man told me to come back.
I saw him in the office.
a. The man whom I saw in the office told me to come back.
b. The man who I saw in the office told me to come back.
c. The man that I saw in the office told me to come back.
d. The man I saw in the office told me to come back.
我在办公室见到的那为男士叫我回去.
注意:1. 引导从句的关系代词一定要放在从句的最前面,例如: 从句whom I saw in the office,虽
然关系代词whom 在句子中作动词的宾语,也应放在从句的最前面.
2. 从句应尽可能地紧跟在所修饰的名词后面.从句whom I saw in the office是用来修饰the man,
所以应放在the man 后面.
(3) 关系代词作介词宾语
当关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时,正式英语中,往往将介词提到关系代词前面.
(3) The woman spoke French.
I traveled with her.
a. The woman with whom I travelled spoke French.
和我一起旅行的那位女士讲法语.
注意:在这类句子中修饰,指代人物时,只能用whom .关系代词不可以用who 或that. 也不可以省略
关系代词.
在口语和非正式英语中,介词往往放在原来的位置,即:在谓语动词之后.在这种情况下,关系代
词可以是who/ whom/that, 也可以省略.
b. The woman whom I travelled with spoke English.
c. The woman who I travelled with spoke English.
d. The woman that I travelled with spoke English.
e. The woman I travelled with spoke English.
2. 修饰,指代事物
关系代词that, which引导的从句用来修饰,指代事物,它们在从句中可以作句子的主语也可以作宾
语.
(1) 关系代词作主语
例句: Did you hear about the earthquake
It happened in San Francisco last week.
a. Did you hear about the earthquake that happened in San Francisco last week
b. Did you hear about the earthquake which happened in San Francisco last week
你听说上星期在旧金山发生的地震了吗
关系代词that / which引导的定语从句修饰名词earthquake.在从句that / which happened in San
Francisco last week 中作句子的主语.""
注意:当关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略.a. b. 两例句意思一样. Which 要比that正式一些.
(2) 关系代词作宾语
例句: The movie wasn't very good.
We saw it last night.
a. The movie that we saw last night wasn't very good.
b. The movie which we saw last night wasn't very good.
c. The movie we saw last night wasn't very good.
我们昨晚看的那部电影不怎么样.
关系代词that / which 引导的从句修饰名词The movie.在从句that we saw last night中,that/ which 作动词saw的宾语.关系代词作动词宾语的时候可以省略.
(3) 关系代词作介词宾语
在从句中,如果关系代词是作介词的宾语,正式英语中需要前置,即,将介词置于关系代词之前.
例句: He is standing on a chair.
Is it firm enough
a. Is the chair on which he is standing firm enough
他站的那把椅子结实吗
on which he is standing 是which引导的从句,修饰the chair.Which在从句中作介词on的宾语.在英语口语和非正式的英语中,介词可以放在动词的后面.关系代词可以用which, that, 也可以省略.
b. Is the chair which he is standing on firm enough
c. Is the chair that he is standing on firm enough
d. Is the chair he is standing on firm enough
在例句b. c. d. ,从句that he is standing on中的介词后置,关系代词作介词on的宾语,可以用that/which, 也可以省略.
(4) 应该使用that的情况
有些情况下,that不能与which交换使用.
当从句修饰不定代词,如all, everything, something, little, much, none,the only, those 等时,必须用that 来引导从句.在从句中that作动词的直接宾语时,可以省略.
例: Listen, there is something (that) I must tell you.
听着,有些事情我必须告诉你.
b. 如果先行词被上述不定代词所修饰时,引导从句的关系代词也应用that.
例: All the apples (that) we picked were sent to the factory.
所有的我们摘的苹果都送到工厂去了.
c. 如果先行词被形容词最高级或序数词所修饰,从句应用that 引导.
例: This is the best novel (that) I know.
这是我所知道的最好的一部小说.
d. 如果先行词被序数词所修饰,从句应用that 引导.
例: The first English film that interested me was Gone with the Wind.
第一部使我感兴趣的英文电影是"飘".
3. 表示所有格关系
whose 用来表示所属关系,它的意思相当于:his, her, its, their等等.Whose 可以用来修饰人,也可以修饰物.whose和它所修饰的名词都置于句首.
(1) 修饰人物
The man called the police.
His wallet was stolen.
a. The man whose wallet was stolen called the police.
钱包被窃的那个男人给警察打了电话.
Whose引导的从句whose wallet was stolen,修饰the man. Whose 在从句中起定语作用,修饰wallet, 意思是his.
(2) 修饰事物
(2) I'm working in the house.
Its walls are made of glass. ( The walls of the house are made of glass.)
a. I'm working in the house whose walls are made of glass.
我在那座四面墙都是玻璃的房子里工作.
whose walls = the walls of the house
whose = of which
4. 修饰表示时间的名词
When 引导的从句往往是用来修饰一个表示时间的名词,如:time, year, month, day, century 等等.When 在从句中起时间状语的作用.
(1)I'll never forget the day.
I met you then (on that day).
a. I'll never forget the day when I met you.
b. I'll never forget the day on which I met you.
我永远也忘不了见到你的那一天.
例句a. 中when引导的从句修饰the day. When在从句中起时间状语的作用,意思是on the day. 因此,when可以用on which替代.
(2)1949 is the year.
The new China was founded then (in that year).
a. 1949 is the year when the new China was founded.
b. 1949 is the year in which the new China was founded.
When引导的从句修饰表示时间的名词the year. 1949年是新中国成立的那一年.When在从句中作时间状语,意思是in that year. 在此句中,when 可以用in which 来替换.看例句b. 在句中,which 指代的是the year.
(3) 7:50 is the time.
My plane arrives then (at that time).
a. 7:50 is the time when my plane arrives.
b. 7:50 is the time at which my plane arrives.
7:50 是我乘坐的飞机到达的时间.
When引导的从句修饰名词the time, when在从句中作时间状语.意思是at that time.在这句话中,
when可以用at which替代.
5. 修饰表示地点的名词
Where引导的从句用来修饰表示地点的名词,例如:city, country, room, house等等.Where 在从句中起地点状语的作用.
(1) The building is very old.
He lives there (in that building).
a. The building where he lives is very old.
b. The building in which he lives is very old.
c. The building which he lives in is very old.
d. The building that he lives in is very old.
e. The building he lives in is very old.
他住的那座楼很旧.
a. Where引导的从句修饰名词building. Where在从句中作地点状语,意思是in that building.
b. 介词前置.
c. d. e. 介词在原来的位置上. 如果用where引导从句修饰名词,从句中就不必使用介词.否则就必须
使用介词.
(2)That is the park.
We are going to have a picnic there (at that park).
a. That is the park where we are going to have a picnic.
b. That is the park at which we are going to have a picnic.
c. That is the park which we are going to have a picnic at.
d. That is the park that we are going to have a picnic at.
e. That is the park we are going to have a picnic at.
那就是我们将去吃野餐的公园.(我们将在那个公园吃野餐).
Where 的意思是at the park, 可以用at which替换.
6. 非限定性从句
限定性定语从句起限制,确定先行词的作用,用来说明先行词的特征与属性.如果省略,就会影响句子的意思.
非限定性定语从句则是起补充信息的作用,如果省略,并不会影响句子的意思.非限定性定语从句与主句用逗号分开.非限定性定语从句常用于书面语.
A. My friend who had been driving all day suggested stopping at the next town.
我那位开了一整天车的朋友建议到下一个镇子停下.
这是一句限定性定语从句.这句话的含义是说还有其他不开车的朋友
B. Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested stopping at the next town.
彼特开了一整天车,他建议到下一个镇子停下.
这是一句非限定性定语从句的句子,它只起补充信息的作用.如果,将从句who had been driving all day略掉,也不会影响句子的原意.
(2)The books , which you can get at any bookshop, will give you all the information you need.
这些书将为你提供所需要的所有信息,你可以在任何一家书店买到.
(3)Ann, whose children are at school all day, is trying to get a job.
安的孩子们整天都在学校,(所以)她试图找一份工作做.
注意: 在非限定性定语从句中,只有wh-的代词可以使用.无论指人或指物都不能使用that.

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长沙廖赖诺： 定语从句,区别于前置定语,是从句的形式做后置定语,用来集中修饰限定主句中的某个名词.这就是定语从句. 定语从句在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词.定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出. 关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等. 关系副词有:when, where, why等. 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致.

宁波市19781696973： 定语从句的用法？
长沙廖赖诺： 非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立 1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分 2.当先行词是专有名词或物主代...