初中新目标英语语法知识点

作者&投稿:潜虹 (若有异议请与网页底部的电邮联系)
求英语新目标初中三年的所有语法和知识点总结~

嘿,这是七年级上半学期的,如果你觉得差不多,我会继续发剩下的。

好多呀,基本的 9 大时态,名词,代词,冠词,动词,形容词,副词,连词,介词等等都学了
从句就是:宾语从句,定语从句,状语从句(但是学习的都是基本内容)


你的问题有些笼统,还有不明可以追问
请及时采纳,满意答案!谢谢

动词时态是英语语法的重点,下面把初中的动词时态给你梳理了一下。希望对你有所帮助。

一般现在时的用法

1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如:

I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。

2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。例如:

The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。

Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。

3) 表示格言或警句。例如:

Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。

注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。

例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。

4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如:

I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。

Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。

比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。

I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。

第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。

11.2 一般过去时的用法

1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如:时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如:

Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了?

2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。例如:

When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球。

Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.

那时,布朗一家无论什么时候去,都受到热烈欢迎。

3)句型:It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"。例如:It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。

It is time that sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了" ,例如It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。

would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。例如:I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。

4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等,而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。例如:I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。

比较:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含义:她已不在人间。)

Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含义:她现在还活着)

Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)

Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)

注意: 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。

1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如:

Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗?

I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。

2)情态动词 could, would。例如:

Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车,能借用一些吗?

11.3 used to / be used to

used to + do:"过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在。例如:

Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈过去没那么健忘。

Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。

be used to + doing: 对……已感到习惯,或"习惯于",to是介词,后需加名词或动名词。例如:

He is used to a vegetarian diet.

Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。

典型例题

---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.

---- It's 69568442.

A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't

答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语,但从语意上看出,在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去,因此应用过去时。

11.4 一般将来时

1) shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如:

Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢?

Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗?

2) be going to +不定式,表示将来。

a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢?

b. 计划,安排要发生的事。例如:The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。

c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了。

3) be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如:

We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。

4) be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。例如:

He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。

注意:be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。

11.5 be going to / will 用于条件句时,be going to表将来,will表意愿。例如:

If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.

Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.

11.6 be to和be going to

be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如:

I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。(客观安排)

I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。(主观安排)

11.7 一般现在时表将来

1)下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如:

The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。

When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。

2)以here, there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。例如:

Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。

There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。

3)在时间或条件句中。例如:

When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后,让他等我。

I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就写信给你。

4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如:

I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。

Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前,务必把窗户关了。

11.8 用现在进行时表示将来

下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如:

I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。

Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗?

11.9 现在完成时

现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成:have (has) +过去分词。

11.10 比较一般过去时与现在完成时

1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。

2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。

一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now等,皆为具体的时间状语。

现在完成时的时间状语:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等,皆不确定的时间状语。

共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。

3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。

一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如:

I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了)

I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了)

Why did you get up so early? (强调起床的动作已发生过了)

Who hasn't handed in his paper? (强调有卷子未交,疑为不公平竞争)

He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续)

He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续)

句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。
Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

11.11 用于现在完成时的句型

1)It is the first / second time.... that…结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时。例如:

It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次访问这城市。
注意:It was the third time that the boy had been late

2)This is +形容词最高级+that…结构,that 从句要用现在完成时。例如:

This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。

11.12 比较since和for

Since 用来说明动作起始时间,for用来说明动作延续时间长度。例如:

I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。

I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿了。

注意:并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。

I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。)

I have worked here for many years.(现在我仍在这里工作。)

注意:用句型转换的方法,很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。

1)(对) Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.

2)(错) Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.

显然,第二句不对,它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.

11.13 since的四种用法

1) since +过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。例如:

I have been here since 1989. 1989起,我一直在这儿。

2) since +一段时间+ ago。例如:

I have been here since five months ago. 我在这儿,已经有五个月了。

3) since +从句。例如:

Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后,变化可大了。

Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我们走后,变化可大了。

4) It is +一段时间+ since从句。例如:

It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. 我考上研究生有两年了。

11.14 延续动词与瞬间动词

1) 用于完成时的区别

延续动词表示经验、经历; 瞬间动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示段的时间状语连用。例如:

He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果)

I've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)

2) 用于till / until从句的差异

延续动词用于肯定句,表示"做……直到……" 瞬间动词用于否定句,表示"到……,才……"。例如:

He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 点才回来。

He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10点。

典型例题

1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.

A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet

答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响,我知道她的模样,你不用描述。再次,several times告知为反复发生的动作,因此用现在完成时。

2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.

---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.

A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be

答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始,持续到现在,应用现在完成时。

11.15 过去完成时

1) 概念:表示过去的过去

----|----------|--------|----> 其构成是had +过去分词构成。

那时以前 那时 现在

2) 用法

a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如:

She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。

b. 状语从句

在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。例如:

When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时,小偷们早就跑了。

c. 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"。例如:

We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来,但是你没有来。

3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如:

He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。

By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年,爱迪生开始自己谋生。

Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.

汤姆失望了,因为他到达晚会时,大部分客人已经走了。

典型例题

The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.

A. had written, left B,were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left

答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前,因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去,用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点,表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下,when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。

注意: had hardly… when 还没等…… 就……。例如:

I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚打开门,他就打了我。

had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。例如:

He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车,转眼又卖了。

11.16 用一般过去时代替过去完成时

1) 两个动作如按顺序发生,又不强调先后,或用then,and,but 等连词时,多用一般过去时。例如:

When she saw the mouse,she screamed. 她看到老鼠,就叫了起来。

My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子,我把它丢了。

2 ) 两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时间完成,用过去完成时。例如:

When I heard the news, I was very excited.

3) 叙述历史事实,可不用过去完成时,而只用一般过去时。例如:

Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.

11.17 将来完成时

1) 构成will have done

2) 概念

a. 状态完成:表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。例如:

They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那时他们结婚将有二十年了。

b. 动作完成:表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前,已经完成的动作或获得的经验。例如:

You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此时,你已经到达上海了。

11.18 现在进行时

现在进行时的基本用法:

a. 表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。例如:

We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。

b. 习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。例如:

Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)

c. 表示渐变,这样的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如:

The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。

It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。

d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如:

You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。

典型例题

My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.

A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.

答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态,应用进行时,由于没有找到,其影响仍然存在,应用完成时,瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。

11.19 不用进行时的动词

1)表示事实状态的动词,如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如:I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。

This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。

2)表示心理状态的动词,如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如:I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。

He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。

3)瞬间动词,如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如:

I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。

4)系动词,如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如:

You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。

11.20 过去进行时

1)概念:表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。

2)过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作延续的时候,另一个短动作发生。

3) 常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如:

My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟骑车时摔了下来,受了伤。

It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时,正下着雨。

When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到达山顶时,阳光灿烂。

典型例题

1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.

A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes

答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情,应用过去时。同时,when表时间的同时性,"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景,因此用过去进行时。

2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.

A. read;was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read;fell

答案B.句中的as = when, while,意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时,用过去进行;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时,奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell(fall的过去时),是系动词,后跟形容词,如:fall sick。

百度里有


初一要掌控的语法知识点
4. in the past\/last+多少时间,表示最近一段时间,用完成时,不用过去时.5. have been去过某地(不在去过地)have gone到某地去了(不在说话地方).一,二人称不能用have gone. 6. 在美语中have\/ has got = have\/ has.7. hardly...when..., no sooner...than... 引导倒装句,常与过去...

初一英语学习了哪些语法知识(要具体些)?
新目标英语初一语法主要是:1、一般现在时(特别要注意主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词要加S,有几种变化的);2、现在进行时(be动词am\/is\/are +doing);3、一般过去时态(be动词的过去时和谓语动词的过去时,be动词过去式只有was和were,动词过去式又分为两种,规则变化和不规则变化,相对来说较难...

初中一年级英语(新目标)语法重点
新目标英语初一上册语法重点词汇句型 语法重点词汇句型A)、名词的数)、名词的数 我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词, 我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,可数名词而不可数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有而不可数名词它没有复数形式,没有复数形式单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下:...

初中英语新目标重点句型、语法总结,拜托!(另加句子成分,定语,状语...
1.in 的固定词组:(1)in English (2) in red (3)in turn (4) in ink (5)in return (6) in 1987 (7)in spring (8) in March (9)in the morning (10)in line (11)in front of (12)in the front of (13)in a hurry (14)in need of (15)in the tre...

初中新目标英语学哪几种语法
初一:上册:掌握一般疑问句(既有be动词形式又要掌握do助动词形式特殊 疑问句(仅需掌握be动词形式)学会常用句型:My name is ...what's this in English?what color is it?This is... \/Is that...?where is ...?Do you \/Does he...?How much ...?When is...?Do you want to...

初中三年英语(新目标)语法重点
中which为代词。九年级英语复习---语法讲解(Units8-15)Unit81、短语动词小结常见短语动词结构有下面几种: 1.动词+副词 如:give up 放弃 turn off 关掉 stay up 熬夜 这种结构有时相当于及物动词,如果其宾语是代词,就必须放在动词和副词之间,如果是名词,则既可插在动词和副词之间,也可放 在短语动词后。

新目标初一英语上册语法整理
新目标初一英语上册语法整理 新目标七年级英语上册语法整理 一. 词汇 ⑴ 单词 1. 介词:in, on, under, behind, near, at, of 1). in表示"在……中", "在……内"。例如: in our class 在我们班上 in my bag 在我的书包里 in the desk 在桌子里 in the classroom 在教室里 2). on 表示"在...

新目标英语七年级下册所有语法归类
3个回答 #热议# 生活中有哪些成瘾食物? 匿名用户 2010-06-14 展开全部 七年级下册英语语法点总结(1) 七年级下册英语语法点总结(1) 分类:英语学习Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from?一.短语:1.be from = come from 来自于---2. live in 居住在---3. on weekends 在周末4.write to sb = writ...

新目标初二上学期所有的语法知识点
动词时态是英语语法的重点,下面把初中的动词时态给你梳理了一下。希望对你有所帮助。一般现在时的用法 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如: I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。 2) 客观真理,...

七年级下册英语新目标的第一单元的语法点
—Of course .2 . one 不仅可用作基数词表“一”之意,也能用作代词替代前面所提可数名词中的“一个”或代指“任何人”。例:1 ) One and two is three . 一加二等于三。2 ) I don’t have pens . Please give one to me . 我没有钢笔,请给我一支。3 ) One must love one’s ...

于都县15579927993: 英语新目标初中三年的所有语法? -
迪泻西点: 初中需要掌握的语法 初级目录 (9碟装)1状态句型 (学会使用没有行为的句型)2.行为句型 (有动词的句型)3.过去时态 (弄清过去时态和完成时态的根本区别)4.不定式的用法 (两个动词之间要加to是误人子弟)5.there be 句型 (学会了...

于都县15579927993: 新目标英语初中三年重点语法
迪泻西点: 学习英语有诀窍:顺口溜牢记语法 There be句型用法口诀 There be句型有特点,主语放在be后边. 主语单三用is,复数主语要用are. 变否定,很简单,be后要把not添. 变问句也不难,把be提到there前. 肯定句中用some,否定疑问any换. ...

于都县15579927993: 初中新目标英语学哪几种语法 -
迪泻西点: 初一:上册:掌握一般疑问句(既有be动词形式又要掌握do助动词形式特殊 疑问句(仅需掌握be动词形式) 学会常用句型:My name is ...... what's this in English? what color is it? This is...... /Is that......? where is ......? Do you /Does he......? How ...

于都县15579927993: 谁有新目标英语初中三年的语法汇总不是那种讲什么宾语、谓语那些的,而是类似于Want to do sth.这样类型的.谁有的话给下,最好有按首字母排序的.没有也... -
迪泻西点:[答案] 学习英语有诀窍:顺口溜牢记语法There be句型用法口诀There be句型有特点,主语放在be后边.主语单三用is,复数主语要用are.变否定,很简单,be后要把not添.变问句也不难,把be提到there前.肯定句中用some,否定疑问any换....

于都县15579927993: 新目标七年级英语语法及重点有那些? -
迪泻西点: 七年级<新目标英语> (上)重点句型和词组 七年级(上) Uints 1-6 I.重点句型 Starter Good morning/afternoon/evening. Good morning/afternoon/evening. How are you? I'm fine,/OK,thanks. Fine,thanks. What's this in English? It's a map. It'...

于都县15579927993: 请问: 人教新目标的九年级英语有哪些重点语法,详细些 O(∩ - ∩)O谢谢 -
迪泻西点: 一名词 (一) 知识概要名词的概念在不同的语法教课书中有不同的解释和分类方法,但就实际应用来讲还是不要过分地追求其理论概念,而更多的要把注意力放在其应用上来.我们不妨把它分为两大类:专有名词与普通名词.顾名思...

于都县15579927993: 人教版新目标英语初一上册语法归纳 -
迪泻西点: 语法;一般现在时肯定句;主语(l,we,you,they)+动词原形+其他 主语(he,she,it)+第三人称单数形式+其他 否定句;主语(l,we,you,they)+don't+动原+其他 主语(he,she,is)+动原+其他 一般疑问句;do+主语(l,we,you,they)+动原+其他? ...

于都县15579927993: 初中英语单词语法八年级的上册(新目标)注意:是单词的相关用法如:want.want to do sth.关于哪些sb,sth这些的要全部的,不是光want -
迪泻西点:[答案] want sb./sth.want to do sthwant sb to do sthlike sth/sblike to do sthlike doing sthwould like to do sthwould like sthgive sb sthgive sth to sb(send,take,show,可以进行替换)buy sb sthbuy sth for sb.够吗...

于都县15579927993: 初中新目标英语知识点语法总结 -
迪泻西点: 好多呀,基本的 9 大时态,名词,代词,冠词,动词,形容词,副词,连词,介词等等都学了从句就是:宾语从句,定语从句,状语从句(但是学习的都是基本内容)你的问题有些笼统,还有不明可以追问请及时采纳,满意答案!谢谢

于都县15579927993: 人教版初一到初二英语书上的主要语法和知识点 -
迪泻西点:[答案] 【精萃】新目标英语知识点总结及练习七年级上 【知识梳理】 I. 重点短语 1. Sit down 2. on duty 3. in English 4. have a seat 5. at home 6. look like 7. look at 8. have a look 9. come on 10. at work 11. at school 12. put on 13. look after 14. get up 15. go ...

本站内容来自于网友发表,不代表本站立场,仅表示其个人看法,不对其真实性、正确性、有效性作任何的担保
相关事宜请发邮件给我们
© 星空见康网