什么时候用现在分词

什么时候用现在分词什么时候用过去分词~

什么时候用现在分词什么时候用过去分词？现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于：现在分词表示"主动和进行",过去分词表示"被动和完成"(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动,只表示完成).分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等.
1、 分词作状语分词在句子中作状语,可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等.
分词在句子中作状语,使用何种分词,要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词,动宾或被动关系用过去分词.
（1）现在分词The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking.
（2）过去分词Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station. Given better attention, the plants could grow better.
2、"while ( when, once, until, if , though等连词)＋分词"结构现在分词或过去分词作状语时,有时可以在分词前加while,when, once, although, until, if等连词.
When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us. While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work……
Once recovered, he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it well.
Although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam. If translated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand.
3、分词作定语分词作定语时,单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前,分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面.现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系),过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系).
We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund.
This is really an exhausting day to all of us!
We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.
After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day.
More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries
4、分词作宾语补足语现在分词在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance等感官动词和look at, listen to等短语动词以及have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役动词后面与名词或代词构成复合宾语,作宾语补语的成分.
5、分词作表语分词作表语通常看作形容词来用.现在分词表示主语的性质,而且主语多为物；过去分词表示主语的感受或状态,主语多为人.

现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于：现在分词表示"主动和进行",过去分词表示"被动和完成"(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动,只表示完成).分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等.
1、 分词作状语分词在句子中作状语,可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等.
分词在句子中作状语,使用何种分词,要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词,动宾或被动关系用过去分词.
（1）现在分词The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking.
（2）过去分词Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station. Given better attention, the plants could grow better.
2、"while ( when, once, until, if , though等连词)＋分词"结构现在分词或过去分词作状语时,有时可以在分词前加while,when, once, although, until, if等连词.
When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us. While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work……
Once recovered, he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it well.
Although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam. If translated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand.
3、分词作定语分词作定语时,单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前,分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面.现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系),过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系).
We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund.
This is really an exhausting day to all of us!
We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.
After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day.
More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries

现在分词（Present Participle)，又称-ing形式，现在进行式，动名词
1.作主语：通常被看作是单数不可数名词，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
Driving fast is very dangerous.
Swimming is my favourite sport.
Painting is an art.
Hearing the bad news made him cry.

注意：现在分词作主语时，和动词不定式一样，当它是较长的短语时，常常用it作形式主语，而把现在分词放到句末。
如：It's nice spending the holiday at the beach.
It's tiring working late.

现在分词作主语时的常用句型：
a waste of time
no good/no use
It +be+ little/hardly any use + V-ing分词
not/hardly worth
worth/worthwhile

如：It's no use complaining.
It's no good smoking a lot.
It's a waste of time doing such a thing.

no
no sense in（没有道理）
There +be+ no point in（毫无意义） +V-ing分词
no use in
Nothing worse than(没有比...更糟糕的)

如：There was no knowing what he was doing.
There is no point (in) doing so.这么做，毫无意义。

经常跟在it +be后面的形容词，然后接动名词作实际主语的形容词还有：
Odd古怪的 Crazy疯狂的 Hopeless无望的 Nice
Funny好笑的 Foolish愚蠢的 interesting Tiring累人的
better terrible Enjoyable愉快的 Pointless无意义的

2作表语：-ing分词作表语多和系动词be连用。注意：如果主语用了不定式，表语也要用不定式；同样地，如果主语用的是-ing分词，表语也应用-ing分词。即，作主语和表语的动词在形式上的一致。
如：Seeing is believing=To see is to believe.
My favourite sport is swimming.
Her only hobby(爱好) is collecting stamps.

☆注意：现在分词作表语和动词不定式作表语的区别在于：现在分词表示习惯性动作；而不定式表示一次性的具体动作。
如：My plan is to finish my homework before tomorrow.
My favourite sport is swimming.

3. 作宾语
英语中，有相当一部分动词后，只能接-ing分词作宾语。
这类动词主要有：
Admit承认 advise Anticipate期望做。。 Detest憎恨做。。。
Defer推迟 suggest Escape逃避做。。 Quit停止做。。
Deny否认 Miss错过 Avoid避免做。。。 Tolerate忍受。。
Keep保持做。。。 Appreciate感谢。。。 Practise练习。。 enjoy
Mind介意 Consider考虑做 Risk冒险做。。。 Excuse原谅
如：
Excuse me interrupting you.
I enjoy reading newspapers.
I suggest you should practise speaking English every morning.

注意：有一类动词后即可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟-ing分词作宾语。可以把这类动词分为三种类型：1）两种形式意义基本相同。2）两种形式略有差别。3）意义完全不同。
A）两种形式意义基本相同的动词有：attempt, begin, cease(停止), continue, intend, start, commence(开始).
如：She started to cry/crying.
What do you intend to do/doing next?你打算接下来做什么？
He continued to work/working.

B)两种形式意义略有差别的动词主要有：hate, like, dislike, love, prefer等。
如：I like playing basketball.
I hate to trouble you.
I prefer to go for a walk.
I prefer singing songs.

C)后跟不定式和-ing分词时，意义完全不同的动词有：remember, forget, regret., try, mean, chance(碰巧),cannot help...等。它们后面跟不定式表示动作还未发生，而跟现在分词表示动作已经发生。
如：I regret to do this thing.
I regret doing such a thing.
Mean to do 表示打算，意欲做某事：而mean doing表示“意味着，意思是”
如：I mean/plan to buy a house.
Fighting means killing.
Chance to do表示碰巧做某事；而chance doing表示冒险做某事、碰运气试着做某事
He chanced to meet his old friend in the street.
He chanced taking part in that race.
Cannot help to do表示不能帮忙做某事;Cannot help doing表示情不自禁，不由得做某事
如：I cannot help to do homework for you.
I cannot help laughing.

4. 作介词宾语
除了我们已经谈到的“疑问词+不定式”可以作介词宾语外。通常情况下，只能用-ing分词作介词的宾语。但个别表示“除了。。。之外”的介词如“except, but, than”通常接不定式。
如：I can do nothing except/but wait.

后面跟-ing分词作介词宾语的短语结构主要有：
A)“动词+介词+动名词”
I am used to sleeping on the floor.(习惯于。。。)
I am looking forward to meeting you.
The rain stopped us from working.
She objected to marrying him(反对)

B)“形容词+介词+-ing分词”
I am interested in playing basketball.
Tom is responsible for breaking the glass.

C)"名词+介词+动名词"
There are many ways to do it/of doing it.
He didn't go out for fear of raining.

-ing分词的惯用搭配有：
A)主语+have+fun/pleasure/a good time/trouble/difficulty+(in) doing sth
如：We had a lot of fun (in) playing basketball.
I have trouble/difficulty(in) understanding him.

B)“There is+difficulty/trouble/pleasure+(in) doing sth”
如：There is difficulty in passing the exam.
There is trouble in learning a foreigh language.

C)“be busy+(in) doing sth”
I am busy in doing my homework.

D) “What about/How about +-ing分词”（征求意见句型。。。怎么样）
What/How about having a cup of tea?
How about playing basketball with me?

E)注意：有一类-ing分词和go搭配，表示“去（干。。。）”，这些分词大多与休闲娱乐的户外活动有关。
常用的有：
boating Camping野营 Climbing爬山
Driving驾车兜风 Dancing跳舞 Hiking徒步旅行
Hunting打猎 Fishing垂钓 running
Jogging慢跑 Ridding骑马 Sailing航行
Shopping购物 Sightseeing观光 Skating滑冰
swimming Walking散步 Window shopping逛街
如：We went boating yesterday.

5.作定语
单个分词作定语时放在所修饰名词前
a　running　boy　 　　
the　girl　standing　there （分词短语作定语，故置于所修饰名词之后）
并且一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句 　　
如：　a　boy　who　is　running 　　
a　girl　who　is　standing　there
注意：某些现在分词作定语时，已不再表示动作，已经从分词变为了形容词词性。如：an　interesting　story，　an　exciting　match　。这些也可以属于现在分词作定语，但是不能转化为相应的定语从句。但是可以有三级变化（原级、比较级、　最高级）和被某些副词如very修饰。

6.作宾语补语
只有两类动词可以加现在分词作宾补　 　　
1）感官动词或心理状态的动词：see，hear，watch，feel，notice，observe，find，listen to，look at 　　
2）表示致使意义的动词：make, have，get，catch，leave，keep, let　

注意：但是并不代表这些动词后的宾补形式都要用现在分词（有些后面可以加不带to的不定式作宾补） 　　
eg.I saw him singing now.
和 I saw him sing in the house.
注意 ：宾语与作宾补的现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即宾语是现在分词动作的发出者。

7.作状语
分词作状语时的逻辑主语（即分词动作的发出者）一般要与句中主语保持一致。若逻辑主语和分词动作之间为主动，用主动。反之，用被动。

A）作时间状语 　　
如：.Walking in the street,I saw him.当我在街上走时，我看到他了
可以转化为一个时间状语从句：When/While I was walking in the street,I saw him.

注意：当我要强调正在进行的动作时　我们可以在分词前面加上when／while 　　那么上面的例句就可以改写为When/While walking in the street,I saw him.（其实这是省略了从句中的I was,因为从句的主语和主句一致）。
如果句子为：
When/While he was walking in the street,I saw him. 当他走在街上，我看到他了。
这里，由于从句主语和主句主语不一致，故不可省略。

B）作条件状语 　　
如： Working hard,you will succeed. （只要）努力工作，你就会成功。
可以转换为if引导的状语从句。即：If you work hard, you will succeed.

C)作原因状语 　　
如： Being ill,she stayed at home. （因为）生病，她留在家里 　　
注意　being是常用来作原因状语的 　
这句可以转换为相应的原因状语从句：Because/As she was ill, she stayed at home.

D)作让步状语 　　
如. Having failed many times,he didn't lose heart. 有很多次失败，他没有灰心。
=Although he had failed many times, he didn't lose heart.

E)作结果状语 　　
如： His friend died,leaving Tom a lot of money, 他的朋友死了，（所以）给汤姆留了很多钱。
=His friend died, so he left Tom a lot of money.

F)作方式状语 　　
如：Please answer the question using another way. 请用另一种方式回答这个问题

G)作伴随状语,表示现在分词的动作正在进行中。
如：
He sat on the chair, singing songs.
They left the shop, satisfied.
The worked for a whole day, exhausted.
They watching TV in the living room, I was cooking in the kitchen.

8. 现在分词的独立主格
（1）独立主格，又叫独立结构，在句中作状语。它没有主语和谓语，只有逻辑上的主语，因此，它在句法上不是句子，而是一个独立于句子成分之外的独特结构形式。
（2）独立主格结构可置于句首、句尾，用逗号与主句隔开。 独立主格结构可分为两部分，一部分是名词或代词（主格），起着逻辑主语的作用；另一部分由形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成，表示前面名词或代词的状态、状况或动作。
如：He entered the room, his nose red with cold.(名词/代词+形容词)
He lay on his back, his hands behind his head.(名词/代词+介词短语)
He entered the classroom, a book in his hand.
He lay on the bed, his eyes closed.
A good student, he always studies very hard.
Whatever the reason, Bob went aboard finally.

（3）这和我们学过的”with的复合结构”是差不多的，只不过它要比独立主格多个with．
（4）分词作状语时，其逻辑主语一般要与句中主语保持一致”不难发现我每次在叙述这句话时都加上”一般”二字　那也就是说也有特殊的时候　就是分词的逻辑主语不和句中主语保持一致　也就是拥有了自己的独自的逻辑主语　那么也就是该用独立主格的时候了．
如：Winter coming，it gets colder and colder．冬天来了　天变的越来越冷了 　
注意这句话，我们不难发现it在句中指代的是”天气” 。那么当我把winter去掉的时候，那在形式上就是纯粹的分词作状语。那么我们也就是默认了coming的动作是由it（天气）发出来的。但是我们不妨翻译一下”当天气来的时候，天气变的越来越冷了．”显然句意不通。那么就是说coming的逻辑主语不是it（天气），也就是coming拥有自己的逻辑主语。那么也就是winter，因为coming的动作是由winter发出的。

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黄埔区13387969583： 什么时候用现在分词 - ？
靳郊赛福：[答案] 现在分词(Present Participle),又称-ing形式,现在进行式,动名词 1.作主语:通常被看作是单数不可数名词,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式. Driving fast is very dangerous. Swimming is my favourite sport. Painting is an art. Hearing the bad ...

黄埔区13387969583： 英语中什么时候用现代分词 - ？
靳郊赛福： 进行时态 动名词做主语,宾语,表语,补语 分词作状语.你想问那种呢

黄埔区13387969583： 英语中什么时候该用现在分词? - ？
靳郊赛福： 其实是动名词,即用动词的现在分词做名词. 前面go是动词,所以不能直接与ski(动词)连用,改用动名词就可以了. 正如go swimming go fishing

黄埔区13387969583： 什么时候要用现在分词形式 - ？
靳郊赛福：[答案] 现在正在进行的动作 比如说给出很明显的时间now i'm watching TV now.

黄埔区13387969583： 现在分词在什么时候用,怎么用 - ？
靳郊赛福：[答案] 出现将来的词语

黄埔区13387969583： 在英语句子中,什么时候用现在分词、复数、单三、等词汇? - ？
靳郊赛福： 分词:过去分词用在过去进行时或过去完成时,如:我昨天看见他在修理电视,修理用fixing.我昨天看见他修好了电视机.修理用had fixed.当然还有现在完成时,也要用分词. 复数:主要是可数名词,比如:苹果、鸭梨、小孩、狗等,在做句子主语或宾语,且数量超过一个时,要用复数.做主语时,要求动词也要用复数的. 单三:当主语为一个或单数时,后面的动词要用单三形式. 基本简单的就这些,记住,有一个规定就有例外.

黄埔区13387969583： 英语句子什么时候用现在分词,什么时候用过去分词拜托各位了 3Q - ？
靳郊赛福： 英语句子在进行时态中使用现在分词,如 I am learning English now.其中的learning就是现在分词,He has been doing his homework since this morning.doing 也是现在分词;英语句子在完成 时态中和被动语态中使用过去分词.如, I have not decided where to go,yet.其中的decided 就是过去分词,The window was droken by Tom.broken 也是过去分词. (供参考) 麻烦采纳,谢谢!

黄埔区13387969583： 什么时候动词要变成现在分词? - ？
靳郊赛福：[答案] 当要用进行时态时 基本形式 be + v-ing 还有就是作状语,宾补,定语等时, 如果表主动,进行,就得用这种形式

黄埔区13387969583： 什么时候用现在分词短语做状语? - ？
靳郊赛福：[答案] 一、现在分词短语作时间状语有以下三种情况:1.分词动作一发生,谓语动作紧跟着发生,这时用现在分词的一般式作时间状语,其逻辑主语为句中的主语.常用的动词,如:hear,see,arrive,return,get to,look,open,close,leav...

黄埔区13387969583： 英语除了进行时还有什么情况下用现在分词? - ？
靳郊赛福： 1. 表示主动状态用现在分词,被动状态用过去分词.I am doing my homework.My homework has been finished by me.2.现在分词是令人...,过去分词表示人感到...比如,interested/interesting, satisfied/satisfying等