高手请帮忙翻译 急急急!
1.
More
forest
fires
In
addition
to
global
warming,
melting
glaciers,
hurricanes,
but
also
exacerbated
forest
fires.
Over
the
past
few
decades,
western
states
in
the
United
States,
more
forest
fires
occurred,
affecting
a
wider
area.
Scientists
found
that
rising
temperatures,
snow
and
ice
melting
earlier
in
a
relationship
are
related
to
wildfires
raging.
As
the
snow
melting
earlier
in
the
forest
areas
become
drier,
and
longer
drying
time,
increase
the
possibility
of
fire.
2.
Monuments
completely
destroyed
Global
warming
is
very
likely
that
the
total
destruction
of
monuments
of
civilization.
Sea-level
rise
and
more
severe
weather
are
likely
to
undermine
these
irreplaceable
historic
sites.
Currently,
floods
caused
by
global
warming
has
destroyed
the
600-year-old
ancient
city
of
Sukhothai,
Thailand,
once
the
capital
of
the
ancient
dynasty.
3.
"Resilience"
of
the
mountains
Ordinary
climbers
can
not
pay
attention,
because
the
Peak
melting
snow,
the
Alps
and
other
mountain
ranges
in
height
in
the
past
century
has
experienced
a
slow
rebound
process.
For
thousands
of
years,
these
long-pressing
the
tip
surface,
resulting
in
suppression
of
the
surface.
As
glaciers
melt,
pressure
on
the
ground
to
reduce
the
weight,
the
surface
slowly
rebound.
Since
global
warming
has
accelerated
in
recent
years,
the
glaciers
melt,
these
mountains
rebound
faster.
4.
Run
faster
satellite
Changing
atmospheric
carbon
dioxide
increases
the
density
of
the
ionosphere
which
is
running
in
the
layer
of
the
satellite
will
have
some
effect.
Because
the
amount
of
carbon
dioxide
in
the
atmosphere
rise,
low-altitude
release
of
carbon
dioxide
molecules
collide
heat,
causing
the
air
warming,
carbon
dioxide
molecules
in
the
thin
high
altitude,
frequent
enough
opportunities
to
hit
each
other,
so
the
heat
on
the
surrounding
radiation,
so
the
surrounding
air
is
be
cool
(the
temperature
of
the
ionospheric
gas
is
higher
than
the
low
altitude).
As
more
carbon
dioxide
to
reach
high-altitude,
more
cooling
occurs,
air
flow
becomes
worse,
so
the
atmosphere
becomes
thinner,
smaller
pull
the
satellite,
resulting
in
faster
satellite
operation.
5.
To
change
the
animal
gene
mapping
Since
early
this
year
flowering
plants,
which
according
to
the
previous
time
of
movement
of
animals
may
miss
all
the
food.
Those
who
can
adjust
their
internal
biological
clocks
of
animals
adapt
to
change
early
chance
to
have
more
viable
children
birth
to
pass
their
genetic
information,
ultimately
changing
the
genetic
map
of
the
entire
species.
6.
Permafrost
thawing
make
surface
uneven
Global
warming
makes
the
thawing
permafrost,
resulting
in
surface
shrinkage,
become
uneven,
resulting
in
some
of
the
pit,
the
railway,
highway
and
housing
construction
damage.
For
the
mountains,
the
melting
of
permafrost
may
even
lead
to
landslides.
7.
Lakes
disappear
Over
the
past
few
decades,
the
Arctic
around
125
lakes
disappeared.
After
scientists
found
that
the
reason
why
these
lakes
may
be
due
to
disappearance
of
permafrost
thawing
lake.
Because
these
permafrost
thaw,
water
has
penetrated
into
the
soil.
8.
Polar
life
plants
are
Arctic
ice
melting
Arctic
creatures
brought
to
a
bright
future.
Found
that
the
Arctic
is
now
the
concentration
of
chlorophyll
in
soil
is
higher
than
that
of
ancient
soils,
showing
the
Arctic
in
recent
decades,
biological
and
prosperity.
9.
Animal
migration
to
higher-lying
From
the
beginning
of
the
19th
century,
chipmunks,
and
mice
began
to
move
upward
in
elevation.
Found
that
the
reason
why
these
animals
migrate
to
higher
places,
possibly
because
of
global
warming
to
their
habitat
change.
Habitat
changes
in
the
environment
also
threatens
polar
bears
and
other
animals,
as
they
slowly
melt
the
ice
habitat.
10.
Aggravate
allergies
Studies
have
shown
that
higher
concentrations
of
carbon
dioxide
in
the
air
volume
and
higher
temperature
is
also
one
of
the
factors
leading
to
allergies.
Global
warming
to
make
plants
flower
earlier
than
before,
while
the
carbon
dioxide
concentration,
make
plants
produce
more
pollen,
the
pollen
concentration
in
the
air
increased.
Allergens
early
years,
the
allergy
season
is
reluctant
to
go.
Allergies
can
only
getting
worse.
该产品以a 为原材料,经某工艺而行成b,并将b固定在c上制成的。……
With A as the basic material, the product becomes B through some special craft and is fixed on C.
甲骨文 → 金文 → 小篆 → 隶书 → 楷书 → 行书
(商) (周) (秦) (汉) (魏晋) 草书
以上的“甲金篆隶草楷行”七种字体称为 “汉字七体”
中国文字——汉字的产生,有据可查的,是在约公元前14世纪的殷商后期,这时形成了初步的定型文字,即甲骨文。甲骨文既是象形字又是表音字,至今汉字中仍有一些和图画一样的象形文字,十分生动。
到了西周后期,汉字发展演变为大篆。大篆的发展结果产生了两个特点:一是线条化,早期粗细不匀的线条变得均匀柔和了,它们随实物画出的线条十分简练生动;二是规范化,字形结构趋向整齐,逐渐离开了图画的原形,奠定了方块字的基础。
后来秦朝丞相李斯对大篆加以去繁就简,改为小篆。小篆除了把大篆的形体简化之外,并把线条化和规范化达到了完善的程度,几乎完全脱离了图画文字,成为整齐和谐、十分美观的基本上是长方形的方块字体。但是小篆也有它自己的根本性缺点,那就是它的线条用笔书写起来是很不方便的,所以几乎在同时也产生了形体向两边撑开成为扁方形的隶书。
至汉代,隶书发展到了成熟的阶段,汉字的易读性和书写速度都大大提高。隶书之后又演变为章草,而后今草,至唐朝有了抒发书者胸臆,寄情于笔端表现的狂草。随后,糅和了隶书和草书而自成一体的楷书(又称真书)在唐朝开始盛行。我们今天所用的印刷体,即由楷书变化而来。介于楷书与草书之间的是行书,它书写流畅,用笔灵活,据传是汉代刘德升所制,传至今日,仍是我们日常书写所习惯使用的字体。
到了宋代,随着印刷术的发展,雕版印刷被广泛使用,汉字进一步完善和发展,产生了一种新型书体——宋体印刷字体。印刷术发明后,刻字用的雕刻刀对汉字的形体发生了深刻的影响,产生了一种横细竖粗、醒目易读的印刷字体,后世称为宋体。当时所刻的字体有肥瘦两种,肥的仿颜体、柳体,瘦的仿欧体、虞体。其中颜体和柳体的笔顿高耸,已经略具横细竖粗的一些特征。到了明代隆庆、万历年间,又从宋体演变为笔画横细竖粗、字形方正的明体。原来那时民间流行一种横划很细而竖划特别粗壮、字形扁扁的洪武体,像职官的衔牌、灯笼、告示、私人的地界勒石、祠堂里的神主牌等都采用这种字体。以后,一些刻书工人在模仿洪武体刻书的过程中创造出一种非颜非欧的肤廓体。特别是由于这种字体的笔形横平竖直,雕刻起来的确感到容易,它与篆、隶、真、草四体有所不同,别创一格,读起来清新悦目,因此被日益广泛地使用,成为16世纪以来直到今天非常流行的主要印刷字体,仍称宋体,也叫铅字体。
在中国文字中,各个历史时期所形成的各种字体,有着各自鲜明的艺术特征。如篆书古朴典雅,隶书静中有动,富有装饰性,草书风驰电掣、结构紧凑,楷书工整秀丽,行书易识好写,实用性强,且风格多样,个性各异。
汉字的演变是从象形的图画到线条的符号和适应毛笔书写的笔画以及便于雕刻的印刷字体,它的演进历史为我们进行中文字体设计提供了丰富的灵感。在文字设计中,如能充分发挥汉字各种字体的特点及风采,运用巧妙,构思独到,定能设计出精美的作品来。
自秦始皇统一,中国文字才逐渐走上了发展的道路,各个时代的中国文字都有着与众不同独特的民族、民风的内涵,中国的文字史里处处深深地刻着中华儿女的智慧与勤劳。然而,现今有些人对本国文字了解甚少,而对于其他国家的语言文字投入极大的热情,却依然是个半调子。文字是国家的灵魂,为了了解祖国文字的变迁,祖国的历史,祖国的灵魂,我们选择了这个课题。
中国文字的发展,经过秦统一中国后,连续对汉字进行简化、整理,使汉字逐渐走向规范化。汉字的发展,大致可分为古文、篆书、隶书、楷书等四个阶段的演变过程。其中,篆书又有大篆、小篆之分;隶书则有秦隶、汉隶之别。由此可知,历史上任何一种新的字体,都是经过长期演变逐渐形成的。总体来说,楷书形成后,中国文字已基本定型(表一)。
(表一:汉字书体的演变)
1甲骨文
秦统一文字前,中国的汉字,不论从字体、应用角度而言,还是混乱的。古文广义而言,其包括大篆在内的小篆以前的文字;狭义的讲,指中国文字史上大篆以前的文字。这里采用狭义的古文概念。古文包含甲骨文与金文;其中,前者被人们视为中国最早的定型文字。
甲骨文字:为商朝后期用写或刻的方式,在龟甲、兽骨上所留下的文字,其内容多为"卜辞",也有少数为"记事辞"。甲骨文大部分符合象形、会意的造字原则,形声字只占20%。其文字有刀刻的,有的填满朱砂,也有直接朱书墨书的。因文字多为图画文字中演变而成的,象形程度高,且一字多体,笔画不定。这说明中国的文字在殷商时期尚未统一。
殷代图像金文:先秦称铜为金,故铸刻在青铜器上的文字叫做金文,又叫钟鼎文、彝器款识。与甲骨文相比,金文象形程度更高,显示了更古的文字面貌。金文填实的写法,使形象生动逼真,浑厚自然。
甲骨文是商代书写的俗体,金文才是正体,显示了正体多繁,俗体趋简的印迹(如表二)。
(表二:甲骨、金文对照表)
甲骨文因多为刀刻在龟甲兽骨上,故其文字带有坚硬的笔法(如图3)。这种如刀刻的笔法,亦有被运用在现代平面设计上(如图4)。
2大篆
在中国文字史上,夏、商、周三代,就其对文字学的贡献而言,以史籀为最。史籀是周宣王的史官,他别创新体,以趋简便。大篆又有籀文、籀篆、籀书、史书之称。因其为史籀所作,故世称"籀文"。大篆散见于《说文解字》和后人所收集的各种钟鼎彝器中。其中以周宣王时所作石鼓文最为著名。
3小篆
小篆又名秦篆,为秦朝丞相李斯等人所整理出的标准字体。由大篆简化而成。又名玉筋篆,因其具有笔力遒劲之意。小篆之形体结构规正协调,笔势匀圆整齐,偏旁也作了改换归并。与大篆相比较无象形性。从大篆到小篆的文字变革,其在中国文字史上具有极重大的意义
4隶书
从小篆向隶书演变的第一步,最显着的变化是从婉曲的钱条变为平直的笔画,从无 角变成有 角。 一般人认为隶书是指有波磔的、一横一捺都拖着像刻刀一样的长长尾巴的隶书,这只是其中的一种。隶书主要有秦隶和汉隶,秦隶是隶书的早期形式;汉隶则为隶书之成熟字体。通常所说的隶书是指汉隶中的"八分"而言(图6)。"八分"是在秦隶之后,渐生波磔。隶书发展到八分,已经是姿致成熟。隶书因其字较方正、厚实,故带有刚正不阿的严肃感(图7)。图8虽为英文字母,但其有菱有角的字体,有隶书的〃味道〃。
5楷书
“楷书“又名真书、正书、今隶。如欧阳询、柳公权等碑帖之字属之。包含了古隶之方正、八分之遒美及章草之简捷等。这种字体一直沿用至今,被视为标准字体且为世人所喜爱。楷书有一种稳重而衍生出宁静之感;文字因个人书写的方式、性格之异,而有不同风格的同一字体(图9、10)。图11与宋徽宗的瘦金体同样是以细线条勾勒出文字,但因转折处以圆滑的方式表现,呈现出与瘦金体截然不同的视觉感。
6行书
“行书”,是介于楷书与草书之间的,运笔自由的一种书(字)体。行书不同于隶、楷,其流动程度可以由书写者自由运用。行书表现出浪漫唯美的气息(图12)。
(图12)
7草书
“草书”,又称破草、今草,由篆书、八分、章草,沿袭多种古文字变化而成。草书本于章草,而章草又带有比较浓厚的隶书味道,因其多用于奏章而得名。章草进一步发展而成为"今草",即通常人们习称的"一笔书"。今草大部分较章草及行书更趋于简捷。草书给予观者豪放不羁、流畅之感(如图13、14、15)。
8印刷字体
印刷术发明后,为适应印刷,尤其是书刊印刷的需要,文字逐渐向适于印刷的方向发展,出现了横平竖直、方方正正的印刷字体—宋体。其发端于雕版印刷的黄金时代—宋朝,定型于明朝,故日本人称其为"明朝体"。由于宋体字适于印刷刻版,又适合人们在阅读时的视觉要求,是出版印刷使用的主要字体。
9电脑字体
随看文化事业的发展、科技的发展,在西方文字体的影响下,又出现了黑体、美术字体等多种新的字体,如海报(POP)体、综艺体、勘亭流、少女字体等,及更多的宋体之变形,如仿宋、扁宋等。并将各类汉字电脑化,运用的范围更加广泛。
如 下图(其由左至右依序为:迭圆体、综艺体、古印体、勘亭流及海报体)
汉字的起源是一个未解之谜。说到汉字,不得不提甲骨文,得到考古支持的商代甲骨文最早出现在3300年前,这比古埃及的文字及两河流域的苏美尔文字都要晚近2000年。至今共发现了5000个以上的甲骨文单字,其中可以认识的约有1700字。从一定程度上讲,同样作为四大文明古国之一的中国,没有理由落于人后那么多!思索的同时,我们发现最早的甲骨文就已经有了一定程度的会意和形声成分,在这些甲骨文中,“会意字”不到80%,形声字占20%多。这与古代埃及人、苏美尔人等其他早期的象形文字有很大的不同。
有人认为中国古代的科技水平,远远不如古埃及、古希腊文明。在古埃及人早已经用巨大的石块建造宏大的金字塔时,中国却只有夯土建筑。在古埃及人已经在坚硬的石头上刻下精美的象形文字图案时,中国却只能在兽骨或龟甲上刻出粗糙的划痕。但是看看中国的甲骨文的抽象程度,却又远远高于古埃及那些具象的图形。似乎汉字直接跨越了早期象形文字的早期阶段,直接进入了一种更抽象的较高级阶段。汉字发展经历的象形阶段:表意—形声的途径中,象形阶段几乎没有,所谓的象形字在甲骨文阶段就已经被高度抽象了。后来,随着汉字的演变,汉字更不再是纯粹的表意文字了,当希腊人建造帕台侬神庙的精美雕塑,罗马人建立万神庙的巨大穹顶时,中国还只有秦汉时期夯土的长城,和陶制的殉葬兵马俑,但是秦朝的小篆已经是一种全国统一的规范文字了,汉朝的隶书与今天的汉字已很接近。无论是跳跃着前进的文字文化,还是中国汉字这一庞大的复杂语言文字符号系统,都可以说是一个奇迹。
在文字出现的早期,象形文字可以工作得不错。可是随着语言的不断丰富,有些语言不能用形象表达了。古埃及人和苏美尔人开始创造一些仅代表发音的符号来记录这些语言。中国人却选择了另外一种解决办法:
会意字,如“日+月=明,女+子=好”;
表音字,如“阿”,没有任何意义,只表示一个音节;
通假字,如“说-悦”;开始出现于汉字中。
提及汉语,免不了令人联想到同样占文化课很大分量的英语。同时,我们也想了很多。学习一种语言的最高境界就是用这种语言思考,就想用母语思考一样。但是,最能发挥个人思想创造性的还是母语,更何况要学好“外语”需要耗费极大的精力。古罗马人并不因为羡慕希腊文明,而改用希腊语——尽管两种语言十分接近。阿拉伯人同样要把拉丁文、希腊文翻译成阿拉伯文,而不是改用拉丁文或希腊文。同样,文艺复兴时的欧洲人也不是自己改用阿拉伯文,而是把阿拉伯文翻译成拉丁文。到了启蒙运动时期,更进一步地翻译成本民族的语言并加以普及。
对于外语好的个人而言,直接看外文原文根本不费劲。但要他翻译出来,效率就要低很多。但是对于整个社会来讲,如果人人都化大量精力学外文,那效率就很低了。最极端的情况就是——像历史上那些失去了本民族语言文字的民族一样,彻底消失了。最好的选择就是象阿拉伯人、或文艺复兴时的欧洲人那样,以少数擅长语言的人进行大量的翻译工作之后,用本民族语言文字进行传播、普及。只有这样,本民族中才能更多的人用母语进行高效率的思考、创新。
汉语现在在英语面前面临的困境是:基于这个语言的文明正处于高峰期——并不象阿拉伯人面对的古希腊、古罗马文明那样,是处于经失落的静态文明;也不象文艺复兴时期的欧洲人面对的是正走向衰落的伊斯兰文明。现在,大量新的科技成果、新知识、新思想依然在英语世界产生,英语,作为当今世界事实上的国际社交语言,它取得的成功是史无前例的。从使用它的人口来说,以英语为母语的人数仅次于汉语而居世界第二位,大约有4亿多人。然而以英语作为第二语言、或者在一定程度上使用英语的人数,要远比这多得多,可以说分布在世界的各个角落、各个民族。所以,现在并不能简单地因为学习英语消耗了学生大量时间,就不该学英语了。光学好英语是不够的,全民学英语也不表明就能提高素质,但也不能走向另一个极端。
如果从利马窦、徐光启向中国传播西方文艺复兴思想算起,已经几百年了;如果从鸦片战争,从林则徐翻译西方书籍、报纸算起,也有160多年了;即便从五四新文化运动算起,到现在也有近百年的时间了。当代的中国,应该正处于从“文艺复兴”到“启蒙运动”的转折关头。现在的中国,应该是学习英语,与翻译并重;最重要的是要开始用母语思考、创新。提高科研、新闻等行业从业者的英语水平,与普及基础教育,普及先进科学文化思想并重。不应该在中国把英语变成象欧洲中世纪或文艺复兴时期的拉丁文那样的“贵族语言”。
文字是一个民族、一个国家历史的痕迹,中国文字的演变是跳跃式的,是华丽的,是耐人寻味的,就如同中国的历史一样。中国人创造中国文字,中国文字也同样引导着中国人前进。
六书一词出于《周礼》:“保氏掌谏王恶,而养国子以道,乃教之六艺:一曰五礼;二曰六乐;三曰五射;四曰五驭;五曰六书;六曰九数;”。然而,《周礼》只记述了“六书”这个名词,却没加以阐释。
中国东汉学者许慎在《说文解字》中记曰:“周礼八岁入小学,保氏教国子,先以六书。一曰指事:指事者,视而可识,察而可见,‘上’、‘下’是也。二曰象形:象形者,画成其物,随体诘诎,‘日’、‘月’是也。三曰形声:形声者,以事为名,取譬相成,‘江’、‘河’是也。四曰会意:会意者,比类合谊,以见指?,‘武’、‘信’是也。五曰转注:转注者,建类一首,同意相受,‘考’、‘老’是也。六曰假借:假借者,本无其字,依声托事,‘令’、‘长’是也。” 许慎的解说,是历史上首次对六书定义的正式记载。后世对六书的解说,仍以许义为核心。
[编辑]六种构造条例解说
[编辑]象形
属于“独体造字法”。用文字的线条或笔画,把要表达物体的外形特征,具体地勾画出来。例如“月”字像一弯月亮的形状,“龟”字像一只龟的侧面形状,“马”字就是一匹有马鬣、有四腿的马,“鱼”是一尾有鱼头、鱼身、鱼尾的游鱼,“艸”(草的本字)是两束草,“门”字就是左右两扇门的形状。而“日”字就像一个圆形,中间有一点,很像我们在直视太阳时,所看到的形态。
[编辑]指事
属于“独体造字法”。与象形的主要分别,是指事字含有绘画较抽像中的东西。例如“刃”字是在“刀”的锋利处加上一点,以作标示;“凶”字则是在陷阱处加上交叉符号;“上”、“下”二字则是在主体“一”的上方或下方画上标示符号;“三”则由三横来表示。这些字的勾画,都有较抽像的部份。
[编辑]形声
属于“合体造字法”。形声字由两部份组成:形旁(又称“义符”)和声旁(又称“音符”)。形旁是指示字的意思或类属,声旁则表示字的相同或相近发音。例如“樱”字,形旁是“木”,表示它是一种树木,声旁是“婴”,表示它的发音与“婴”字一样;“篮”字形旁是“竹”,表示它是竹制物品,声旁是“监”,表示它的发音与“监”字相近;“齿”字的下方是形旁,画出了牙齿的形状,上方的“止”是声旁,表示这个字的相近读音。
[编辑]会意
属于“合体造字法”。会意字由两个或多个独体字组成,以所组成的字形或字义,合并起来,表达此字的意思。例如“酒”字,以酿酒的瓦瓶“酉”和液体“水”合起来,表达字义;“解”字的剖拆字义,是以用“刀”把“牛”和“角”分开来字达;“鸣”指鸟的叫声,于是用“口”和“鸟”组成而成。
[编辑]转注
属于“用字法”。不同地区因为发音有不同,以及地域上的隔阂,以至对同样的事物会有不同的称呼。当这两个字是用来表达相同的东西,词义一样时,它们会有相同的部首或部件。例如“考”、“老”二字,本义都是长者;“颠”、“顶”二字,本义都是头顶;“窍”、“空”二字,本义都是孔。这些字有著相同的部首(或部件)及解析,读音上也是有音转的关系。
[编辑]六书的运用
实际上,古人并不是先有六书才造汉字。因为汉字在商朝时,已经发展得相当有系统,那时还未有关于六书的记载。六书是后来的人把汉字分析而归纳出来的系统。然而,当有了“六书”这系统以后,人们再造新字时,都以这系统为依据。好像“軚”、“锿”是形声字,“凹”、“凸”、“氹”是指事字,“畑”、“奀”是会意字。
在甲骨文、金文中,象形字占大多数。这是因为画出事物是一种最直接的造字方法。然而,当文字发展下去,要仔细分工的东西愈来愈多,好像“鲤”、“鲮”、“鲩”、“鳅”等事物,都是鱼类,难以用象形的造字方法,仔细把它们的特征和区别画出来。于是,形声字就成了最方便的方法,只要用形旁“鱼”就可以交代它们的类属,再用相近发音的声旁来区分这些字。到了近代,有80%的汉字是形声的字
Whereas, in Korea. Since the ancient times between the two countries have contacts, has a long history. This is particularly in cultural aspects. Culture and language, words inseparable connection. According to records, the Chinese literature is introduced in the Korean peninsula and gradually began to popularizing and, until the middle of the 19th century, and South Korea are written in Chinese characters as its. Although today Korean text system has been with the passage of time, due to the different aspects of the evolution of a larger, and the first, but in general it is still in some aspects of the retained large characters. Ancient Chinese vocabulary into South Korea after some of the words and language system is never had any change and have been used to modern, and some have their own evolution, has formed a Korean ethnic culture characteristics of words, but these words in righteousness and Chinese vocabulary is still exist certain cross relations. Of course they also have certain difference, but because the language with social politics, economy, culture and changes in ceaseless development, meanwhile, each kind of language and has its own evolution rule, it will reflect different change. Korean and Chinese despite frequent contact with the direction of evolution, but they are not completely and progress. The Chinese word for Korean Korean itself as a kind of loanwords in South Korea, with its long-term use, slowly into the Korean system. Therefore, the evolution of the Chinese Korean words as the Korean system evolution, as a part of the evolution of the Korean changes, and no longer or less Chinese system and the han culture. So the Chinese, Korean and Chinese words and expressions along different tracks changes. Today, there are a number of Korean Chinese words and words in Chinese or in both in structure are showing great difference. In addition, Korean and Chinese characters by borrowing and invented many Chinese have no words. Idioms as an important part of words, so these differences will naturally performance in han, Korea idiom system.
The idiom is a treasure-house Chinese vocabulary, containing the long history of China is very abundant culture, its
Rich, and the use of high frequency. While these rich Chinese idioms into Korea, greatly
The Korean rich vocabulary treasure, but also greatly enhanced Korean language expression ability that. while
These, even today, the south Korean language in life still have them, the figure of Chinese idioms borrowed in Korean language system still has very exuberant vitality, still can Korean people's communication, make a unique contribution. Similarly, the Korean ethnic characteristics of Chinese idioms imitated also makes some new idiom vivid image, these idioms are rich in the Korean vocabulary, south Korean language life also played a positive role in promoting. Compared with other words and idioms with concise and lively formation characteristics such as ideographic, if can be applied to the appropriate talking or writing in daily communication, it can make the language or article brief, vivid, have the effect of expression saves nine. Also strengthened expression force, also may produce many unexpected pragmatic effect.
Chinese idioms and Korean idiom is complex, the relationship between them but not contact with a completely
A corresponding. Of course, they are not desultorily, fine found among them, still have laws between them
Follow. In recent years, the two countries also strengthen the contact and communication, Chinese also gradually popular in South Korea. Therefore, through the study of han, Korea and to the similarities and differences between the idioms as possible to find out which links are summed up, the improvement of teaching Chinese in Korea, promote Chinese, Korean idiom dictionary compilation work and teaching materials of Korea etc are extremely important practical significance, is also an urgent need of hard work. This paper aims to own investigation, comparative study of law so as to find.
基本没错了!!
중국, 두 나라 사이의 물이 한국의 좁은 스트립. 고대부터 두 나라 사이의 교류는 오랜 역사을 보이고있다. 이것은, 차례로, 특히 문화에 반영됩니다. 우연의 문화와 언어를 텍스트로 연결되어있습니다. 역사적 기록에 따르면, 중국 문자는 기원전 후 한반도 및 소개 점차적으로의 사용을 촉진하기 시작, 중반 19 세기까지, 한국의 한자에 대한 그들의 문자 언어를 기반으로합니다. 비록 한국의 작성 시스템을 시간의 흐름과 함께 여러 가지 이유로 인해 변화가 크게 변화했다, 원래하지만, 전반적으로 아직 한자의 큰 숫자의 특정 측면을 유지의 다른 얼굴을 보여주는 . 언어 시스템, 한국, 이후에 어떤 단어를 어떤 변화가 발생한 적이 없었을 고대 중국어 단어를 사용하는 현대왔다, 그리고 일부는 스스로의 진화가, 단어의 특성을 가진 한국 민족 문화의 형태와 의미에서 이러한 단어 측면의 형성하지만, 중국어 단어는 아직 거기에 어떤 상호 관계이다. 물론 이죠, 그들은 또한 사이에 어떤 차이를 가지고 있기 때문에 지역 사회의 정치, 경제 및 문화 발전과 변화를 지속적으로 같은 시간에, 각 언어의 진화 자체의 법률가로서 언어도해야하기 때문입니다 서로 다른 트랙에서 변경 사항을 반영합니다. 비록 한국과 중국에서 더 자주 연락을하지만, 그들의 방향과 진화를 진행하고있다 전혀 일관성이 없다. 자신을위한 한국어 한자 단어, 구실로, 한국의 장기 사용과, 그리고 천천히 한국의 시스템에 봉사. 전체로서 따라서 중국 문자의 진화 한국 단어를 한국어 시스템, 한국의 변화와 진화의 한 부분의 진화,, 또는 그 이하보다는 중국어 시스템과 중국의 문화적 제약에 더 취약합니다. 그래서, 한국어 단어와 중국어 단어 중국어 문자를 다른 궤도를 따를 변경되었습니다. 오늘날에는 한국어에는 의성어, 중국 문자의 상당한 숫자, 단어가 있는지 여부 또는 의미 론적 구조에서,하는 큰 차이로 떠오르고있다. 또한, 한국어 문자 그리고 그들은 대출하여 자신을 만들 중국어 어휘를 많이하지 않습니다. 숙어, 같은 어휘를 중요한 구성 요소를 누른 다음 모든 위에서 자연스럽게 또 한, 한국 숙어 시스템에 반영되어 차이를 언급합니다.
관용구 중국어 어휘의 보물 창고, 중국의 오랜 역사와 문화를 포함하는 훌륭한 풍요로움의 보유
리치, 및 사용의 높은 주파수를하고있다. 중요한 풍부한 이후 한국에 이러한 다채로운 중국 관용구,
한국어 어휘의 리치 매장물뿐만 아니라, 크게이 언어를 한국어 표현 능력 향상.
이런, 오늘도, 삶의 한국어, 아직은 한국의 언어 시스템이 여전히 매우 강한 생명력을 가지고, 아직도 밖으로 한국 국민들의 교류를위한 중국 속담을 보여줍 빌려 자신의 그림의 모습입니다 전원은 그들만의 독특한 기여를 확인하십시오. 마찬가지로, 한국 사람들이 중국 관용구의 새로운 작풍의 일부 선명한 이미지를 자신의 시뮬레이션 특성을 만드는 이러한 관용구는 한국 생활도 증진에 긍정적인 역할을 한국의 언어의 어휘를 풍부. 다른 용어와 비교할 때, 단어와 숙어 - 생생한 간결하고 구체적 사례, 간결하고 생생한 만들 수있을 것이다해야 제대로 연설 일일 환율을 적용하거나 언어로 작성하거나 문서를 수, 10에 대한 구덩이를 하나의 효과와 특성을 표현 빌딩. 또한 의도하지 않은 실용적이고 또한 많은 효과적일 수있는 언어의 능력을 향상시킵니다.
중국 관용구과 한국 숙어 더 복잡 사이의 관계를, 이미 그들 사이의 결합입니다,하지만 전혀되지 않습니다
해당. 물론, 그들을 사이에 여전히 정기적가있을 수있습니다 사이에 그들이 결여되지 않습니다, 잘 어울리
받았죠. 한국에서 최근 몇 년 동안은 또한 점차적으로 극복합니다 연락처 및 교류, 한국, 중국을 강화했다. 따라서, 한, 한국의 유사점과 그리고 가능 한한 많은 링크 중 하나는 한국의 중국어 교육을 개선하는 기존의 법률을 요약하여 찾아 갈만큼 숙어 사이의 차이점을 공부하여, 중국어, 한국어 관용구 사전 컴파일 작업의 추진, 그리고 제공 한국과 교육 교재의 많은 다른 측면,뿐만 아니라, 긴급한 필요가 어려운 작업을 할 매우 중요한 실용적인 의미가있다. 이 문서는, 자신의 조사를 통해 그들을 찾을 수있게되었습니다 법의 비교 연구를 목표로.
China, South Korea narrow strip of water between the two countries. Exchanges between the two countries since ancient times, has a long historical ties. This, in turn, particularly reflected in the culture. Culture and language are inextricably linked to the text. According to historical records, Chinese characters are introduced to the Korean peninsula after BC and gradually began to promote the use of, until the mid-19th century, South Korea are based on Chinese characters as their written language. Although the Korean writing system have changed with the passage of time, due to different reasons and has made significant changes, showing a different face of the original, but overall it still retain certain aspects of a large number of Chinese characters . Ancient Chinese words into the language system, South Korea, after some words had never occurred to any changes has been in use to the modern, and some have their own evolution, the formation of a South Korean national culture with the characteristics of words, but these words in form and meaning aspects of and Chinese words is still there is some cross-relationships. Of course, they also have some differences between, and this is because the language as the community's political, economic, and cultural development and changes constantly at the same time, each language has its own laws of evolution, which also must reflect the changes in different tracks. Although the Korean and Chinese are more frequent contact, but their direction and progress of evolution has not entirely consistent. The Chinese characters Korean Korean word for itself, to serve as a pretext, with its long-term use in South Korea, and slowly into the Korean system. Therefore, the Korean words in the evolution of Chinese characters Korean system as a whole, the evolution of a part of the evolution, with the Korean changes, rather than longer or is less vulnerable to Chinese language system and the Chinese cultural constraints. So, the Chinese characters in Korean words and Chinese words will follow a different trajectory has changed. Today, there are a considerable number of Korean words and Chinese characters, whether in word or in the semantic structure, has emerged as the big difference. In addition, the Korean characters and they create their own by borrowing does not have a lot of Chinese vocabulary. Idioms, as vocabulary is an important component, then all the above-mentioned differences in naturally also is reflected in the Han, South Korea idioms system.
Idiom is a treasure house of Chinese vocabulary, containing the China's long history and culture, its reserves of great abundance
Rich, and has a high frequency of use. These colorful Chinese idioms into South Korea, after a significant abundance
Rich treasure trove of Korean language vocabulary, but also greatly enhanced the expressive power of this language Korean. The
These, even today, in the Korean language of life, there is still the appearance of their figure, which shows borrowed Chinese proverb in Korean language systems still have a very strong vitality, still for the exchange of the Korean people out of A power to make their own unique contribution. Similarly, the Korean people also create their own simulated the characteristics of Chinese Idioms some vivid image of the new idiom, these idioms also enriched the vocabulary of Korean, the Korean language of life also played a positive role in promoting. Compared with the other terms, idioms with the word-building concise, vivid and ideographic characteristics, should the be able to properly apply the daily exchange of speech or writing in the language or the article will be able to make concise, vivid, with the expression of effects of pit one against ten. It also enhances the power of language may also be a lot of unintended pragmatic effect.
Chinese Idioms and the relationship between the Korean idioms more complicated, there is a linkage between them, but it is not entirely a
A corresponding. Of course, between them is not haphazard, fine look for which may be between them is still a regular
Followed. In South Korea in recent years have also strengthened contacts and exchanges, Chinese in South Korea is gradually prevailed. Therefore, by studying the Han, South Korea similarities and differences between the idioms as much as possible and then go to the link to find out which one to summarize existing law, which is to improve South Korea's Chinese language teaching, the promotion of Chinese, Korean idiom dictionary compilation work, and provide South Korea and many other aspects of teaching materials, has an extremely important practical significance, but also an urgent need to do a difficult task. This article aims, through their own investigations, comparative study of the law will make it possible to find them.
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长矿尼美: 楼上的说出了大概意义,但是不够地道,这是个排比句,应该翻译如下:楼主斟酌 Thanks for pick your valuable time to instruct me, thanks for your useful suggestion, thanks giving me the chance to change myself. Hope you recover soon.
怀安县13223447878: 急急请英语高手帮忙翻译一句话,谢谢谢... - ?
长矿尼美: Today, the sky is very clear and blue, but the sun is too glare.翻译过来就是,今天天空很干净,蔚蓝,但是太阳太刺眼,这样应该更符合你想表达的意思.
怀安县13223447878: 高手请帮忙翻译 - 英文 - ?
长矿尼美: 1、no wonder that environmental pollution will lead to such a strong protest. 2、as a matter of fact, we need to be improved in many respects. 3、in order to make a good impression to his girlfriend, he try his best to gain a good score in the final ...
怀安县13223447878: 高手请帮忙翻译成英文?
长矿尼美: Very pleased to meet you, hope that good co-operation, There is a problem need your help to confirm, the accessories and the previous offer price does not meet, you see, there are questions feel free to contact me, Thank you for your support .
怀安县13223447878: 高手请帮忙翻译 急急急! - ?
长矿尼美: 汉字经过了6000多年的变化,其演变过程是: 甲骨文 → 金文 → 小篆 → 隶书 → 楷书 → 行书 (商) (周) (秦) (汉) (魏晋) 草书 以上的“甲金篆隶草楷行”七种字体称为 “汉字七体” 中国文字——汉字的产生,有据可查的,是在约公...
怀安县13223447878: 高手请帮忙翻译一下啊~谢谢 - ?
长矿尼美: 这是一句谚语,意思是 合抱之木,生于毫末;九层之台,起于垒土;千里之行,始于足下.
怀安县13223447878: 高手请帮忙翻译英语,谢谢!?
长矿尼美: 1, I was carts, he drove out alone accounts for half of the road. 2, body inclined over, must be higher than the road center line, which was then the crash location. 3, my rear right corner of the concave to prove that my body was placed at an angle of.
怀安县13223447878: 急急急!翻译高手请帮帮忙! - ?
长矿尼美: 1. I just want to be your bride. 2. Holding hands. Sanzhao Step 3. I want to.'s Quiet life
怀安县13223447878: 英文高手请帮忙翻译 - ?
长矿尼美: Please help to confirm these samples as soon as possible, because the 29th time of delivery is coming soon, if the sample is ok, I will be in accordance with the sample to production, if they have bad, please among tell me as soon as I can to rectify.. To avoid delay in delivery
怀安县13223447878: 请高手帮忙英语翻译??
长矿尼美: I go to work by bus. I usually go to do body building. Travel. Study. I will go to the cinema once a month. I like to read old poems and books about psycology. I like sports very much