英语do.to do.doing用法

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英语中,动词加to do和doing的区别,和用法~

动词加to do和doing的区别是:读音不同、含义不同、用法不同
一、读音不同
to do
读音:英 [tu duː] 美 [tu duː]
doing
读音:英 [ˈduːɪŋ] 美 [ˈduːɪŋ]
二、含义不同
to do
释义:是一般将来式,是打算去做什么。
doing
释义:是现在进行式,是现在正在做什么。
三、用法不同
to do
用法:
1.forget to do是忘记做某事(还没做)。
2.try to do是尽力去做隐含有不成功的意思。
3.like to do是喜欢做某事(暂时的,在特定的环境下)。
doing
用法:
1.forget doing是忘记做过的某事(已做过)。
2.try doing是尝试做,看看是否有成效,隐含成功的意思。
3.like doing是喜欢做某事(长久的,一直以来都很喜欢的)。

扩展资料不定式to do和动名词doing作宾语的区别,英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词作直接宾语,但有些动词要求:
一、不定式做宾语和宾语补足语。
1.动词要求不定式做宾语:attempt企图
例句:The only time that we attempted to do something like that was in the city of Philadelph.
译文:只有在费城那次我们曾试着做那样的事。
2.动词要求不定式做宾补,动词+宾语+动词不定式:ask要求
例句:We had to ask him to leave.
译文:我们不得不要求他离开。
二、动名词做宾语和宾语
有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语:dislike不喜欢,讨厌
例句:I dislike him because he is too garrulous.
译文:我之所以讨厌他是因为他的嘴太贫。

一.含有ing句型:
1. keep doing
2. keep /carry on doing
3. keep sb. Doing
4. enjoy doing
5. finish doing
6. be afraid of doing
7. be worth doing
8. be busy doing
9. how about doing//what about doing
10. spend some time (in)doing
11. spend some money (in) buying
12. feel like doing
13. stop/keep/prevent … from doing
14. thank you for doing
15. thanks for doing
16. do some cooking/cleaning/reading/shopping/washing
17. go swimming/fishing/shopping/skating/boating
18. mind doing
19. prefer doing … to doing…
20. can’t help doing
21. have fun/difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth.
22. waste time/money doing
23. instead of doing
24. miss doing
二、含有不带to的动词不定式句型:
1. had better (not) do sth.
2. would you please (not) do sth.
3. why not do sth.
4. why don’t you do sth.
5. Shall we do sth.?
6. let do sth.
7. make/have sb. do sth.
三、含有带to的动词不定式句型:
1. It’s time to do sth.
2. It takes sb. some time to do sth.
3. tell/ask/want/encourage/invite/ sb. to do sth.
4. Would you like to do sth.?
5. It’s good/bad to do sth.
6. It’s good/bad for sb.to do sth.
7. be+adj.+enough to do sth.
8. sb. is ready to do sth.
9. It’s+adj.+ for sb. to do sth.
10. It’s+adj.+ of sb. to do sth.
11. would like/love /decide/want/wish/to do sth.
12. would like/love sb. to do sth.
13. Prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.
I prefer to stay at home rather than go out.
14. what/how/ when/where/whether to do sth
15. can’t wait to do
16. too … to do …
17. be afraid /ready/able/sure to do
18. seem to do
四、既用带to的动词不定式又用ing形式的句型:
1.stop to do/ doing
2.forget to do/ doing
3.remember to do/doing
4.go on to do/doing
5.like to do/doing
6.love to do/doing
7.prefer to do/doing
8.hate to do/doing
五、下列结构用带to的动词不定式和ing形式含义相同:
1.begin to do/doing
2.start to do/doing
3.continue to do/doing
六、既用不带to的动词不定式又用现在分词的句型:
用不带to的动词不定式强调动作的完成过程;用现在分词强调动作的进行状态。
1.hear sb do sth./doing
2.listen sb do sth./doing
3.look at sb do sth./doing
4.see sb do sth./doing
5.watch sb do sth./doing
6.notice sb do sth./doing

后接to do 和doing的动词归纳

A. 跟不定式(to do)作宾语的动词:
want, wish, hope, manage, pretend, decide, learn, agree, expect, demand,
long, ask,
care, choose, dare, fail, offer, plan, prepare, promise, refuse, desire,
happen,
appear, intend, would like to, be said to,

B. 跟动名词(doing)作宾语的动词:
suggest, admit, finish, avoid, mind, enjoy, delay, practice, excuse sb.
for,
advice, consider, escape, miss, risk, dislike, imagine, permit,
require(表被动),
appreciate(感激),understand, insist on, look forward to, get down to,
devote oneself to, prefer…to… object to (反对), put off, apologize to sb.
for,
give up,
forgive sb. for, be worth, be fond of, be good at, be slow in, be active
in,
be afraid of, be tired of, be busy, succeed in,
prevent/stop/keep sb. from, spend time (in), have difficult/trouble in,
It’s no use/good,
be pround of, instead of.

C. 跟动名词(doing)和动词不定式(to do)均可的词,含义无区别:
start, begin, continue,
prefer, like, love, hate, 后跟to do 表具体和特定的动作, 后跟 doing 表泛指的动作

D. 跟动名词(doing)动词不定式(to do)均可的词,含义区别较大:

1. stop to do 2. mean to do 3. try to do 4. agree to do
stop doing mean doing try doing agree to sb doing
5. be afraid to do 6. remember to do 7. forget to do 8.
allow/permit/advise sb. to do
be afraid of doing remember doing forget doing allow/permit/advise doing
9. regret to do 10. want to do 11. need to do 12. go on to do
regret doing want doing (表被动) need(表被动) go on doing
13. can’t help to do 14. forbid sb. to do=forbid sb’s doing
can’t help doing forbid doing

5.感官动词 + doing/to do

感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do 表示动作的完整性,真实性;+doing 表示动作的连续性,进行性

I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.(强调"我见他正干活"这个动作)
昨天我见他正在花园里干活。

典型例题
1)They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood.
A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow
答案:A。因题意为,他们看着她长大,因此强调的是成长的过程,而非正在长的动作,因此用see sb do sth 的句型。

2)The missing boy was last seen ___ near the river.
A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play
答案A. 本题强调其动作,正在河边玩,应此用see sb. doing sth句型

参考资料:http://hi.baidu.com/%CE%D2%D0%C4%CB%E6%B7%E7lu/blog/item/18df2bd3353c6dd6a9ec9a45.html
一. 祈使句的句式特征

祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此,祈使句中一般没有主语,但根据其句意,实际上是省略了主语you。祈使句句末用感叹号或句号,朗读时,常用降调。在表达请求或劝告时,在祈使句前或句末可加上please,以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。祈使句一般没有时态的变化,也不能与情态动词连用。例如:

Keep off the grass!勿踩草地!

Put the boxes in the small room.把那些盒子放到那个小房间里。

二. 祈使句的肯定句式

祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型:

1. 行为动词原形+其他成分。例如:

Make sentences after the model.根据例句造句。

2. Be动词+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。例如:

Be careful when crossing the street.过马路时要小心。

3. Let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分。例如:

Let him go back now.让他现在回去吧。

三. 祈使句的否定句式

祈使句的否定句式,通常情况下在句首加上Don’t或Never,一般分为以下四种类型:

1. 在祈使句的肯定句式前加Don’t,构成“Don’t+行为动词原形+其他成分”。例如:

Don’t say that again!别再那样说了!

2. 在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Don’t,构成“Don’t be+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)”。例如:Don’t be careless.不要粗心。

注意:在这种句型中be不能省略;否定副词not不可置于be之后。

3. Let引起的祈使句的否定形式有两种:(1)Let开头的祈使句,如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格,可在Let前加Don’t,也可在Let后宾格的名词或代词后面加not。(2)如果以Let’s开头的祈使句,必须在Let’s后加not。例如:

Don’t let me go with her tomorrow. =Let me not go with her tomorrow.

不要让我明天跟她一起去。

Let’s not tell her the truth whenever we meet her.

无论什么时候我们碰到她,都不要告诉她真相。

4. 在公共场合的提示语中,否定祈使句常用“No+名词/V-ing形式”结构,表示“禁止做某事”。例如:

NO PHOTOS! 禁止拍照!

四. 祈使句的反意问句

祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问部分。通常有以下三种形式:

1. 祈使句为肯定句式,其反意疑问句表示请求时,通常用will you;表示邀请、劝说时,用won’t you。例如:

Be sure to write to us, will you?你一定要给我们写信,好吗?

Come to have dinner with us this evening, won’t you?

今晚来和我们一起吃饭,好吗?

2. 祈使句为否定句式,其反意疑问句通常只用will you。例如:

Don’t smoke in the meeting room, will you?

不要在会议室抽烟,好吗?

3. Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时,除Let’s用shall we外,其他均用will you。例如:

Let the boy go first, will you?让个那男孩先走,好吗?

Let’s take a walk after supper, shall we?

晚饭后我们去散步,好吗?

五. 祈使句的回答

祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作,所以回答祈使句时,一般用will或won’t。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时,要注意两点:一是“形式一致”,即Yes与will保持一致;No与won’t保持一致。二是“意思相反”,即Yes是“不”的意思;No是“是”的意思。在回答时,要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。例如:

--- Don’t go out, please. It’s raining heavily outside.

请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。

---- Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport.

不行,我得去机场接我弟弟。

六. 祈使句与陈述句的并列使用

祈使句后接陈述句时,须用连接词连接。如果祈使句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时,要用并列连词and来连接;如果祈使句与陈述句存在一种否定条件关系时,要用并列连词or来连接。例如:

Leave it with me and I will see what I can do.

把它留给我吧,我想想有没有办法。

Hurry up, or we’ll be late.

快点,否则我们要迟到了。

七. 祈使句与条件状语从句的连用

祈使句与条件状语从句连用时,条件状语从句可置于祈使句前或后。例如:

Tell him to make a phone call to me if he comes here tomorrow.

如果他明天来这儿的话,叫他给我来个电话。

八. 祈使句的强调形式

祈使句的强调形式通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词Do(Do在句中无意义)。例如:

Do shut up!快住口!

九. 特殊形式的祈使句

在英语中,有些祈使句不是以动词原形来引起一个祈使句,而是以一个名词短语来充当,且后接一个带有并列连接词的分句。实际上,这个充当祈使句的名词短语相当于一个条件状语从句。例如:

More water and the young trees couldn’t have died. =If you had given them more water, the young trees couldn’t have died.

如果你给那些小树多浇点水,他们就不会死了。

十. 运用祈使句的误区

祈使句往往容易与不定式、分词或条件状语从句相混淆。在平时的练习或测试中,如果稍不留神,就会出错。因此,要认真审题,认真分析句子结构,并根据上下文语境,作出正确判断。例如:

___________ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.

A. Having checkedB. Check

C. If you checkD. To check

析:如果空白处选填B(Check)项,则视为祈使句,但后一分句前没有并列连接词and连接;如选A或D项(分词或不定式),句中逻辑主语some spelling mistakes又不能执行这个动作,故均不符合句子结构。因此,只有C项(条件状语从句)符合句子结构及句意

参考资料:http://www.xue68.com/detail.asp?id=1259

这篇很专业
后接to do 和doing的动词归纳

A. 跟不定式(to do)作宾语的动词:
want, wish, hope, manage, pretend, decide, learn, agree, expect, demand,
long, ask,
care, choose, dare, fail, offer, plan, prepare, promise, refuse, desire,
happen,
appear, intend, would like to, be said to,

B. 跟动名词(doing)作宾语的动词:
suggest, admit, finish, avoid, mind, enjoy, delay, practice, excuse sb.
for,
advice, consider, escape, miss, risk, dislike, imagine, permit,
require(表被动),
appreciate(感激),understand, insist on, look forward to, get down to,
devote oneself to, prefer…to… object to (反对), put off, apologize to sb.
for,
give up,
forgive sb. for, be worth, be fond of, be good at, be slow in, be active
in,
be afraid of, be tired of, be busy, succeed in,
prevent/stop/keep sb. from, spend time (in), have difficult/trouble in,
It’s no use/good,
be pround of, instead of.

C. 跟动名词(doing)和动词不定式(to do)均可的词,含义无区别:
start, begin, continue,
prefer, like, love, hate, 后跟to do 表具体和特定的动作, 后跟 doing 表泛指的动作

D. 跟动名词(doing)动词不定式(to do)均可的词,含义区别较大:

1. stop to do 2. mean to do 3. try to do 4. agree to do
stop doing mean doing try doing agree to sb doing
5. be afraid to do 6. remember to do 7. forget to do 8.
allow/permit/advise sb. to do
be afraid of doing remember doing forget doing allow/permit/advise doing
9. regret to do 10. want to do 11. need to do 12. go on to do
regret doing want doing (表被动) need(表被动) go on doing
13. can’t help to do 14. forbid sb. to do=forbid sb’s doing
can’t help doing forbid doing

5.感官动词 + doing/to do

感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do 表示动作的完整性,真实性;+doing 表示动作的连续性,进行性

I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.(强调"我见他正干活"这个动作)
昨天我见他正在花园里干活。

典型例题
1)They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood.
A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow
答案:A。因题意为,他们看着她长大,因此强调的是成长的过程,而非正在长的动作,因此用see sb do sth 的句型。

2)The missing boy was last seen ___ near the river.
A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play
答案A. 本题强调其动作,正在河边玩,应此用see sb. doing sth句型

参考资料:http://hi.baidu.com/%CE%D2%D0%C4%CB%E6%B7%E7lu/blog/item/18df2bd3353c6dd6a9ec9a45.html


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