关于情人节的故事 英文版
The festival has its origin from a romantic tragedy. As the story goes, once there was a cowherd, Niulang, who lived with his elder brother and sister-in-law. But she disliked and abused him, and the boy was forced to leave home with only an old cow for company. The cow, however, was a former god who had violated imperial rules and was sent to earth in bovine form.
One day the cow led Niulang to a lake where fairies took a bath on earth. Among them was Zhinu, the most beautiful fairy and a skilled seamstress.
The two fell in love at first sight and were soon married. They had a son and daughter and their happy life was held up as an example for hundreds of years in China.
Yet in the eyes of the Jade Emperor, the Supreme Deity in Taoism, marriage between a mortal and fairy was strictly forbidden. He sent the empress to fetch Zhinu.
传说一
在古罗马时期，二月十四日是为表示对约娜的尊敬而设的节日。约娜是罗马众神的皇后，罗马人同时将她尊奉为妇女和婚姻之神。接下来的二月十五日则被称为“卢帕撒拉节”，是用来对约娜治下的其他众神表示尊敬的节日。
在古罗马，年轻人和少女的生活是被严格分开的。然而，在卢帕撒拉节，小伙子们可以选择一个自己心爱的姑娘的名字刻在花瓶上。这样，过节的时候，小伙子就可以与自己选择的姑娘一起跳舞，庆祝节日。如果被选中的姑娘也对小伙子有意的话，他们便可一直配对，而且最终他们会坠入爱河并一起步入教堂结婚。后人为此而将每年的二月十四日定为情人节。
传说二
情人节在英语里的叫法是St. Valentine's Day （原意为：“圣瓦伦丁节”）。从字面上来看，很难看出中西方叫法之间有什么联系。这里面隐藏着一个动人的故事。公元三世纪时，古罗马有一位暴君叫克劳多斯（Claudius）。当时，古罗马内外战争频仍，为了补足兵员，暴君下令：凡是一定年龄的男子，都必须进入军队为国家效劳。自此，丈夫离开妻子，少年离开恋人，整个罗马笼罩在绵长的相思中。然而，暴政禁止不了爱情。离暴君的宫殿不远，有一座非常漂亮的神庙。修士瓦沦丁（Valentine）就住在这里。罗马人非常崇敬他，男女老幼，不论贫富贵贱，总会群集在他的周围，在祭坛的熊熊圣火前，聆听瓦沦丁的祈祷。
古罗马的战事一直连绵不断，暴君克劳多斯征召了大批公民前往战场，人们怨声载道。男人们不愿意离开家庭，小伙子们不忍与情人分开。克劳多斯暴跳如雷，他传令人们不许举行婚礼，甚至连所有已订了婚的也马上要解除婚约。许多年轻人就这样告别爱人，悲愤地走向战场。年轻的姑娘们也由于失去爱侣，抑郁神伤。
瓦伦丁对暴君的虐行感到非常难过。当一对情侣来到神庙请求他的帮助时，瓦伦帝尼在神圣的祭坛前为它们悄悄地举行了婚礼。人们一传十，十传百，很多人来到这里，在瓦沦丁的帮助下结成伴侣。消息终于传进了宫殿，传到了暴君的耳里。克劳多斯又一次暴跳如雷，他命令士兵们冲进神庙，将瓦沦丁从一对正在举行婚礼的新人身旁拖走，投入地牢。人们苦苦哀求暴君的劾免，但都徒劳而返。瓦沦丁终于在地牢里受尽折磨而死。
悲伤的朋友们将他安葬于圣普拉教堂。那一天是2月14日，那一年是公元270年。
传说三
传说中瓦伦丁是最早的基督徒之一，那个时代做一名基督徒意味着危险和死亡。为掩护其他殉教者，瓦沦丁被抓住，投入了监牢。在那里他治愈了典狱长女儿失明的双眼。当暴君听到着一奇迹时，他感到非常害怕，于是将瓦沦丁斩首示众。据传说，在行刑的那一天早晨，瓦沦丁给典狱长的女儿写了一封情意绵绵的告别信，落款是:From your Valentine （寄自你的瓦伦丁）。当天，盲女在他墓前种了一棵开红花的杏树，以寄托自己的情思，这一天就是2月14日。
自此以后，基督教便把2月14日定为情人节。
传说四
历史学家们更愿意刨根揪底，他们关于情人节的演绎似乎令人信服。其实远远早于公元270年，当罗马城刚刚奠基时，周围还是一片荒野，成群的狼四处游荡。在罗马人崇拜的众神中，畜牧神卢波库斯（Lupercus）掌管着对牧羊人和羊群的保护。每年二月中，罗马人会举行盛大的典礼来庆祝牧神节。那时的日历与现在相比，要稍微晚一些，所以牧神节实际上是对即将来临的春天的庆祝。也有人说这个节日是庆祝法乌努斯神（Faunus），它类似于古希腊人身羊足，头上有角的潘神（ Pan ），主管畜牧和农业。
牧神节的起源实在是过于久远了，连公元前一世纪的学者们都无法确认。但是这一节日的重要性是不容置疑的。
例如史料记载，安东尼（Mark Antony）就是在公元前44年的牧神节上将王冠授与凯撒（Julius Caesar）的。
每年的二月十五日，修士们会聚集在罗马城中巴沦丁Palantine）山上的一个洞穴旁，据说在这里，古罗马城的奠基者（Romilus andRemus）被一只母狼扶育长大。在节日的各项庆典中，有一项是年轻的贵族们，手持羊皮鞭，在街道上奔跑。年轻妇女们会聚集在街道两旁，祈望羊皮鞭抽打到她们头上。人们相信这样会使她们更容易生儿育女。在拉丁语中，羊皮鞭被叫做 februa，鞭打叫做 fabruatio， 实际上都含有'纯洁'的意思。二月的名字（February）就是由此而来。
随着罗马势力在欧洲的扩张，牧神节的习俗被带到了现在的法国和英国等地。人们最乐此不疲的一项节日活动类似于摸彩。年轻女子们的名字被放置于盒子内，然后年轻男子上前抽取。抽中的一对男女成为情人，时间是一年或更长。
基督教的兴起使人们纪念众神的习俗逐渐淡漠。教士们不希望人们放弃节日的欢乐，于是将牧神节（Lupercalia）改成瓦沦丁节（ Valentine's Day），并移至二月十四日。这样，关于瓦沦丁修士的传说和古老的节日就被自然地结合在一起。这一节日在中世纪的英国最为流行。未婚男女的名字被抽出后，他们会互相交换礼物，女子在这一年内成为男子的Valentine。 在男子的衣袖上会绣上女子的名字，照顾和保护该女子于是成为该男子的神圣职责。
教皇在大约公元498年宣布2月14日是情人节。罗马人的这种婚配方式被基督教徒认为是不合法的。中世纪时，在英国和法国，通常认为2月14日是鸟交配的季节。因此就把此日增加了一个内容，那就是它应该是一个浪漫的日子。最早的情人节礼物是奥尔良的公爵，查理斯在伦敦塔狱中写给他妻子的诗。因为他在Agincourt战役中被俘虏了。现在这个写于1415年的祝福被收藏在伦敦的大英博物馆。几年以后，英皇亨利五世雇John Lydgate写了一首曲子给Catherine of Valois作为情人节礼物。
Of Love
论爱情
The stage is more beholding to love, than the life of man. For as to the stage, love is ever matter of comedies, and now and then of tragedies; but in life it doth much mischief; sometimes like a siren, sometimes like a fury.
舞台上的爱情生活比生活中的爱情要美好得多。因为在舞台上，爱情只是喜剧和悲剧的素材，而在人生中，爱情却常常招来不幸。它有时象那位诱惑人的魔女(1)，有时又象那位复仇的女神(2)。
You may observe, that amongst all the great and worthy persons (whereof the memory remaineth, either ancient or recent) there is not one, that hath been transported to the mad degree of love: which shows that great spirits, and great business, do keep out this weak passion. You must except, nevertheless, Marcus Antonius, the half partner of the empire of Rome, and Appius Claudius, the decemvir and lawgiver; whereof the former was indeed a voluptuous man, and inordinate; but the latter was an austere and wise man: and therefore it seems (though rarely) that love can find entrance, not only into an open heart, but also into a heart well fortified, if watch be not well kept.
你可以看到，一切真正伟大的人物（无论是古人、今人，只要是其英名永铭于人类记忆中的），没有一个是因爱情而发狂的人。因为伟大的事业只有罗马的安东尼和克劳底亚是例外(3)。前者本性就好色荒淫，然而后者却是严肃多谋的人。这说明爱情不仅会占领开旷坦阔的胸怀，有时也能闯入壁垒森严的心灵----假如手御不严的话。
It is a poor saying of Epicurus, Satis magnum alter alteri theatrum sumus; as if man, made for the contemplation of heaven, and all noble objects, should do nothing but kneel before a little idol, and make himself a subject, though not of the mouth (as beasts are), yet of the eye; which was given him for higher purposes.
埃辟克拉斯(4)曾说过一句笨话：“人生不过是一座大戏台。”似乎本应努力追求高尚事业的人类，却只应象玩偶般地逢场作戏。虽然爱情的奴隶并不同于那班只顾吃喝的禽兽，但毕竟也只是眼目色相的奴隶，而上帝赐人以眼睛本来是有更高尚的用途的。
It is a strange thing, to note the excess of this passion, and how it braves the nature, and value of things, by this; that the speaking in a perpetual hyperbole, is comely in nothing but in love. Neither is it merely in the phrase; for whereas it hath been well said, that the arch-flatterer, with whom all the petty flatterers have intelligence, is a man's self; certainly the lover is more. For there was never proud man thought so absurdly well of himself, as the lover doth of the person loved; and therefore it was well said, That it is impossible to love, and to be wise. Neither doth this weakness appear to others only, and not to the party loved; but to the loved most of all, except the love be reciproque. For it is a true rule, that love is ever rewarded, either with the reciproque, or with an inward and secret contempt.
过度的爱情追求，必然会降低人本身的价值。例如，只有在爱情中，才总是需要那种浮夸陷媚的词令。而在其他场合，同样的词令只能招人耻笑。古人有一句名言：“最大的奉承，人总是留给自己的。”----只有对情人的奉承要算例外。因为甚至最骄傲的人，也甘愿在情人面前自轻自贱。所以古人说得好：“就是神在爱情中也难保持聪明。”情人的这种弱点不仅在外人眼中是明显的，就是在被追求者的眼中也会很明显----除非她（他）也在追求他（她）。所以，爱情的代价就是如此，不能得到回爱，就会得到一种深藏于心的轻蔑，这是一条永真的定律。
By how much the more, men ought to beware of this passion, which loseth not only other things, but itself! As for the other losses, the poet's relation doth well figure them: that he that preferred Helena, quitted the gifts of Juno and Pallas. For whosoever esteemeth too much of amorous affection, quitteth both riches and wisdom.
由此可见，人们应当十分警惕这种感情。因为它不但会使人丧失其他，而且可以使人丧失自己本身。甚至其他方面的损失，古诗人早告诉我们，那追求海伦的人，是放弃了财富和智慧的(5)。
This passion hath his floods, in very times of weakness; which are great prosperity, and great adversity; though this latter hath been less observed: both which times kindle love, and make it more fervent, and therefore show it to be the child of folly. They do best, who if they cannot but admit love, yet make it keep quarters; and sever it wholly from their serious affairs, and actions, of life; for if it check once with business, it troubleth men's fortunes, and maketh men, that they can no ways be true to their own ends.
由此可见，人们应当十分警惕这种感情。因为它不但会使人丧失其他，而且可以使人丧失自己本身。甚至其他方面的损失，古诗人早告诉我们，那追求海伦的人，是放弃了财富和智慧的(5)。
I know not how, but martial men are given to love: I think, it is but as they are given to wine; for perils commonly ask to be paid in pleasures.
我不懂是什么缘故，使许多军人更容易堕入情网，也许这正象他们嗜爱饮酒一样，是因为危险的生活更需要欢乐的补偿。
There is in man's nature, a secret inclination and motion, towards love of others, which if it be not spent upon some one or a few, doth naturally spread itself towards many, and maketh men become humane and charitable; as it is seen sometime in friars.
人心中可能普遍具有一种博爱倾向，若不集中于某个专一的对象身上，就必然施之于更广泛的大众，使他成为仁善的人，象有的僧侣那样。
Nuptial love maketh mankind; friendly love perfecteth it; but wanton love corrupteth, and embaseth it.
夫妻的爱，使人类繁衍。朋友的爱，给人以帮助。但那荒淫纵欲的爱，却只会使人堕落毁灭啊！
附注：
(1) 古希腊神话，传说地中海有魔女，歌喉动听，诱使过往船只陷入险境。
(2) 原文为“Flries”，传说中的地狱之神。
(3) 安东尼，恺撒部将。后因迷恋女色而战败被杀。克劳底亚，古罗马执政官，亦因好色而被杀。
(4) 埃辟克拉斯（前342--前270年），古罗马哲学家。
(5) 古希腊神话，传说天后赫拉，智慧之神密纳发和美神维纳斯，为争夺金苹果，请特洛伊王子评判。三神各许一愿， 密纳发许以智慧，维纳斯许以美女海伦，天后许以财富。结果王子把金苹果给了维纳斯。
Cowboy is an orphan Niu Jia Zhuang, according to his brother and sister-in-law. Wife Ma is harsh, often abused him, he was forced to split up, by a cow eat from farming.
The cow is very psychic nature, one day, Weaver and various fairy game,
bathing in the river, cow advised to fetch Weaver cowboy clothes, Vega
will do the cowboy's wife. After marriage, they gave birth to a son and a men tilling the farm and womenweaving, female, life is happiness. But the emperor found it, sent Wang Mu escorted back to heaven for the empress weaver. The cow to break up families, then touch off the head of the corner, a boat carrying children, let the cowherd boat chase.
See will catch up with a weaver, Queen Mother of the West suddenly pull
out the head of the nobile, in the sky draw the a billowing waves of
the Milky way. The cowboy cannot cross the river, only in the river and the weaver at qi.
Their faithful love touched magpies, magpie flew numerous, physically
barricaded a road across the Milky Way Caiqiao, let the Cowherd and the
weaver girl meet in the Milky way. The goddess Wang Mu helpless, had to allow the cowherd every year on July 7th meeting in the Milky way.
Just as the lunar July 7th rainy season, so this day it rains often, people would say that this is the legend of tears. Some girls in the countryside will lie under the grape, it can hear the whisper of cowherd. Because the cowherd story beautiful and moving, so until today,
people often "Cowherd and Weaver Girl" to describe the couple loving.
牛郎是牛家庄的一个孤儿，依哥嫂过活。嫂子马氏为人刻薄，经常虐待他，他被迫分家出来，靠一头老牛自耕自食。这头老
牛很通灵性，有一天，织女和诸仙女下凡游戏，在河里洗澡，老牛劝牛郎去取织女的衣服，织女便做了牛郎的妻子。婚后，他们男耕女织，生了一儿一女，生活十分
美满幸福。不料天帝查知此事，派王母娘娘押解织女回天庭受审。老牛不忍他们妻离子散，于是触断头上的角，变成一只小船，让牛郎挑着儿女乘船追赶。眼看就要追上织女了，王母娘娘忽然拔下头上的金钗，在天空划出了一条波涛滚滚的银河。牛郎无法过河，只能在河边与织女遥望对泣。他们坚贞的爱情感动了喜鹊，无数喜鹊飞来，用身体搭成一道跨越天河的彩桥，让牛郎织女在天河上相会。王母娘娘无奈，只好允许牛郎织女每年七月七日在鹊桥上会面一次。
由于农历的七月七日正当雨季，所以这一天常常下雨，人们便说这是牛郎织女的眼泪。农村中的一些少男少女还会趴在葡萄架的下面，据说可以听到牛郎织女的悄悄话。因为牛郎织女的故事美妙动人，所以直到今天，人们还常常以“牛郎织女”来描述夫妻的恩爱。
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