by和with的用法，区别

By和WITH的区别~

一、表示使用有形的工具时,通常用with来表示.例如：\x0d\x0a用钢笔写 write with a pen\x0d\x0a用肉眼看 see with naked eyes\x0d\x0a用锤子敲打 strike with a hammer\x0d\x0a用秒表计量 measure with a stop watch\x0d\x0a用空气冷却 cool with air\x0d\x0a用毛巾擦 rub with towel\x0d\x0a二、表示采用某种方式或手段时,用by表示.例如：\x0d\x0a用无线电联系 reach by radio\x0d\x0a用耳机收听 listen to by earphone\x0d\x0a用手工制造 make by hand\x0d\x0a用电话通知 give information by telephone\x0d\x0a用信通知他 let him know by letter\x0d\x0a注意：作“用”讲时,by和with的区别在于：with表示行为动作的工具,后面的名词一般要有冠词；by表示动作的手段,后面的名词一律不带冠词.

by通常指的是采用的方法和手段，with常常指使用的工具。

By是个很常用的介词（有时也用作副词），在初中英语中的用法有以下几种：

1．意为“在……旁”、“靠近”。如：

Some are singing and dancing under a big tree . Some are drawing by the lake. 有的在大树下唱歌跳舞，有的在湖边画画儿。

2．意为“不迟于”、“到……时为止”。如：

Your son will be all right by supper time. 你的儿子在晚饭前会好的。
How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term? 到上个学期末你们已经学了多少首英语歌曲？

3．表示方法、手段，可译作“靠”、“用”、“凭借”、“通过”、“乘坐”等。如：
The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing. 猴子用尾巴吊在树上哈哈大笑。
The boy’s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph. 孩子的父亲是那么的感激，于是他教爱迪生怎样通过铁路电报来传达信息。

4．表示“逐个”、“逐批”的意思。如：
One by one they went past the table in the dark. 他们一个一个得在黑暗中经过这张桌子。

5．表示“根据”、“按照”的意思。如：
What time is it by your watch? 你的表几点了?

6．和take , hold等动词连用，说明接触身体的某一部分。如：
I took him by the hand. 我拉住了它的手。

7．用于被动句中，表示行为主体，常译作“被”、“由”等。如：
English is spoken by many people. 英语被许多人所说。（即“许多人讲英语。”）

8．组成其它短语。
1) by the way : 意为“顺便说”、“顺便问一下”，常做插入语。如：
By the way , where’s Li Ping , do you know? 顺便问一下，李平在哪儿。你知道吗？
2) by oneself : 意为“单独”、“自行”。如：
I can’t leave her by herself. 我不能把她单独留下。
3) by and by : 意为“不久以后”、“不一会儿”。如：
But by and by , more and more people began to study English. 但是不久以后，越来越多的人开始学英语了。

WITH 用法总结

1.表共同,伴随--与...(一起),带着...
2.表属性,所有--有...的,...的.表此用法时:WITH常用关系代词+HAVE代替
3.表手段,工具--以....,用...
4.表材料--用...,以...
5.表一致--与...(符合)
6.表赞成--赞成...
7.表结合--偕同...,连同...
8.表比例--配合...,随着...
9.表对象--对于...,表此用法时,多半与表感情的形容词或当形容词用的动词过去分词连用
EG.CONTENT WITH ONE'S JOB
10.表对立,敌对--跟...,对...
11.表原因,理由--为...,因...,表此用法时多半与表情绪的词连用
EG.JUMP WITH EXCITEMENT
12.表同时,经过--随着...,与..一起
13.表连结--与...,给..
14.表委托--委任
15.表样子,做法--以...,以...方法
16.附带状况--...着,表此用法时与名词+副词(短语),形容词(短语)连用,且 WITH 常可省.
EG.HE CAME IN,(WITH A) GLASS IN (HIS) HAND.

一、表示使用有形的工具时，通常用with来表示。例如：

用钢笔写 write with a pen

用肉眼看 see with naked eyes

用锤子敲打 strike with a hammer

用秒表计量 measure with a stop watch

用空气冷却 cool with air

用毛巾擦 rub with towel

二、表示采用某种方式或手段时，用by表示。例如：

用无线电联系 reach by radio

用耳机收听 listen to by earphone

用手工制造 make by hand

用电话通知 give information by telephone

用信通知他 let him know by letter

注意：作“用”讲时，by和with的区别在于：with表示行为动作的工具，后面的名词一般要有冠词；by表示动作的手段，后面的名词一律不带冠词。

In
the
company
of;
accompanying:
和，陪伴：在…陪伴下；随同：
Did
you
go
with
her?
你跟她一起去吗?
Next
to;
alongside
of:
在…旁边，同…在一起：
stood
with
the
rabbi;
sat
with
the
family.
与教士站在一起，与家人坐在一块儿
Having
as
a
possession,
an
attribute,
or
a
characteristic:
带着，带来：作为所有物、属性或特点具有：
arrived
with
bad
news;
a
man
with
a
moustache.
带来坏消息；留络腮胡子的男人
Used
as
a
function
word
to
indicate
accompanying
detail
or
condition:
样子，状态：用作功能词表示伴随的细节或状况：
just
sat
there
with
his
mouth
open.
只张着嘴坐在那儿
In
a
manner
characterized
by:
以…方式：
performed
with
skill;
spoke
with
enthusiasm.
很有技巧地表演；热情地说话
In
the
performance,
use,
or
operation
of:
使用：在…的表现、使用或运行中：
had
trouble
with
the
car.
汽车出了毛病
In
the
charge
or
keeping
of:
负责，照料：
left
the
cat
with
the
neighbors.
把猫托邻居照顾
In
the
opinion
or
estimation
of:
以…的观点或估计：
if
it's
all
right
with
you.
如果你没异议的话
In
support
of;
on
the
side
of:
支持，赞同：
I'm
with
anyone
who
wants
to
help
the
homeless.
我支持任何想帮助流浪汉的人
Of
the
same
opinion
or
belief
as:
和…一致：与…有相同观点或信仰：
He
is
with
us
on
that
issue.
在那个议题上他和我们观点一致
In
the
same
group
or
mixture
as;
among:
混在一起：在同一组中或同一混和物中；在…中：
planted
onions
with
the
carrots.
把胡萝和洋葱种在一起
In
the
membership
or
employment
of:
是…的成员；受…雇佣：
plays
with
a
symphony
orchestra;
is
with
a
publishing
company.
在交响乐团内演奏；受雇于一个出版公司
By
the
means
or
agency
of:
用：通过…的方式或媒介：
eat
with
a
fork;
made
us
laugh
with
his
jokes.
用叉子吃饭；以他的笑话引我们发笑
By
the
presence
or
use
of:
以：通过…的存在或使用：
a
pillow
stuffed
with
feathers;
balloons
filled
with
helium.
用羽毛装满的枕头；装满氦气的气球
In
spite
of:
尽管：
With
all
her
experience,
she
could
not
get
a
job.
尽管很有经验，她还是找不到工作
In
the
same
direction
as:
与…同向：
sail
with
the
wind;
flow
with
the
river.
顺风起帆；顺河而流
At
the
same
time
as:
与…同时：
gets
up
with
the
birds.
与鸟儿同时起床
In
regard
to:
关于，对于：
We
are
pleased
with
her
decision.
They
are
disgusted
with
the
status
quo.
她这样决定，我们很高兴；他们对现状很厌恶
Used
as
a
function
word
to
indicate
a
party
to
an
action,
a
communicative
activity,
or
an
informal
agreement
or
settlement:
和…：用作功能词表示某个动作、交流活动或非正式协议或决定的一方：
played
with
the
dog;
had
a
talk
with
the
class;
lives
with
an
aunt.
与狗玩；和班上的同学谈一谈；与姑母住在一起
In
comparison
or
contrast
to:
与…相比；与…对照：
a
dress
identical
with
the
one
her
sister
just
bought.
和她姐姐刚买衣服同一款式
Having
received:
收到，获得：
With
her
permission,
he
left.
I
escaped
with
just
a
few
bruises.
获得她允许后，他离开了。我逃跑时只受了一些擦伤
And;
plus:
和；加上：
My
books,
with
my
brother's,
make
a
sizable
library.
We
had
turkey
with
all
the
trimmings.
我的书加上的弟弟的书能够办成一个不小的图书馆了；我们有火鸡和所需的调料
Inclusive
of;
including:
包括：
comes
to
$29.95
with
postage
and
handling.
包括邮资和手续费总共是29.95美元
In
opposition
to;
against:
反对；对抗：
wrestling
with
an
opponent.
与对手摔跤
As
a
result
or
consequence
of:
结果，后果：
trembling
with
fear;
sick
with
the
flu.
害怕的发抖；感染了流行性感冒
So
as
to
be
touching
or
joined
to:
加入，联合：为了取得联系；把…连起来：
coupled
the
first
car
with
the
second;
linked
arms
with
their
partners.
把第一辆汽车和第二辆配成双；与伙伴手挽手
So
as
to
be
free
of
or
separated
from:
分离，离开：为脱离，为与…分开：
parted
with
her
husband.
与她丈夫分手
In
the
course
of:
在…的过程中：
We
grow
older
with
the
hours.
我们随时光流逝而长大
In
proportion
to:
与成比例：
wines
that
improve
with
age.
酒越陈越香
In
relationship
to:
在…的关系中：
at
ease
with
my
peers.
与我的同事关系融洽
As
well
as;
in
favorable
comparison
to:
也；较好：
She
could
sing
with
the
best
of
them.
她可以唱得同他们中最棒的人一起好
According
to
the
experience
or
practice
of:
根据经验，根据实践：
With
me,
it
is
a
question
of
priorities.
对我来说，这是个优先权的问题
Used
as
a
function
word
to
indicate
close
association:
用作功能词表示密切联系：
With
the
advent
of
the
rockets,
the
Space
Age
began.
随着火箭的出现，太空时代开始了
in
with【非正式用语】
In
league
or
association
with:
同伙或有联系：
He
is
in
with
the
wrong
crowd.
他找错了同伴
by的用法；
1）表示以一般的方法或方式。如：
No
one
in
those
days
could
live
by
writing
poems.
（2）表示传达、传递的方式或煤介。如：
How
did
you
send
the
letter,
by
airmail
or
by
ordinary
mail?
（3）表示用交通工具、通讯工具后接名词单数，不加冠词。如：
He
came
by
train,
but
his
wife
came
by
bus.
注意下面两句的区别：
Did
you
come
by
train?
Did
you
come
in
his
car
/
on
my
bike?
“by
+抽象名词”构成的词组有：by
accident
/
by
chance
/
by
diligence
/
by
effort
/
by
force
/
by
heart
/
by
luck
/
by
mistake
/
by
hard
work.
将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。经常与before+将来时间或by+将来时间连用，也可与before或by
the
time引导的现在时的从句连用。
1)
构成will
/
be
going
to
do
sth.
2)
概念
a.
状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。
b.
动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或一获得的经验。
They
will
have
been
married
for
20
years
by
then.
You
will
have
reached
Shanghai
by
this
time
tomorrow.
将来完成时的构成
将来完成时的构成是由"shall/will
+
have
+过去分词"构成的。
Before
long
he
will
have
forgotten
all
about
the
matter.
不久他就会全然忘记这件事的。
He
is
somebody
now.
He
will
not
have
remembered
his
old
classmates.
他现在是一个有身份的人了，他可能不会记得老同学了。
Will
you
have
known
Kevin
for
10
years
next
month?
到下个月你认识凯文该有10年了吧？
将来完成时的用法
①表示在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作，并往往对将来某一时间产生影响。
We
shall
have
learned
12
units
by
the
end
of
this
term.
到这个学期末，我们将学完12个单元。
By
the
time
you
get
home
I
will
have
cleaned
the
house
from
top
to
bottom.
你到家之前我将把房子彻底打扫一遍。

介词by with和on表示使用工具时的区分

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