宾语从句时间状语,结构,时态

宾语从句中有时间状语时态怎么用~

条件状语从句和时间状语从句与主句时态一致的情况
主从复合句中时态一致
（“主过从过,主将从现,主现从任”原则）
主从复合句中时态的一致是中考考点之一.

宾语从句可以遵循：主句用一般现在时,从句可以用任何时态. 主句用一般过去时,从句只能用过去时（如过去完成时、过去将来时等）主句用一般过去时,但如果从句是真理,只能用一般现在时。其它名词性从句,基本遵循上述。条件句 （1）真实条件句：主将从现（2）虚拟语气：与现在事实相反 主句：would / might...+ 动词原形 从句：一般过去时与过去事实相反 主句：would/ might ...+ have done 从句：had done 与将来事实相反 主句：would/ might...+ 动词原形 从句：一般过去时/ were to do / should do

1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。
如：
I don’t think (that) you are right.
Please tell us where he is.
Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：
He asked what time it was.
He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.
He asked if you had written to Peter.
He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.
3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：
Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.

状语从句在复合句中作主句的状语，它可根据功能分为时间、条件、让步、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式和比较九种从句。要掌握这方面知识，关键要弄清各个连词的含义和功能。
一、时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的连词有when, while, as, before, after, until, till, once（一旦），as soon as, the moment, hardly … when, no sooner … than, the first time, the lasttime, every / each time等。现结合具体情景，对重点连词和难掌握的连词加以说明。
1．when, while, as
1）
——I’m going to the post office.
—— _______you’re there, can you get me some stamps.
A．As B．While C．Because D．If
2）With parcels（包）of all shapes and sizes, Mr. Davies could hardly see where he wasgoing he and his wife left the last shop.
A．as B．while C．before D．until
3）________the election approached（临近），the violence got worse.
A．When B．As C．While D．With
4）I was just about to leave home_________it started to rain.
A．as B．while C．when D．as soon as
while“当…时候” while表示的时间是一段而不是一点，故从句的谓语动词用延续性动词，不用瞬间动词。
Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁
as ⅰ)正当…时候，ⅱ)一边… 一边，ⅲ)随着 as引导从句动作与主句动作同时发生，强调同时性。从句、动词通常为行为动词，不用be动词。
He sang songs as he was taking a bath.他一边洗澡，一边唱歌。
You will grow wiser as you grow older.他将随年龄的增长而聪明起来。
when“当…时间”，引导的从句动作可以与主句动作时间，也可以先于主动的动作。
When they got home, I was cooking dinner.（同时）
When you get into trouble, turn to your father.（一先一后）若遇困难，就去找你父亲。
★此外，when还可以表示and just at the moment，用在以下句型中：
ⅰ)was /were doing when did ;ⅱ) was / were（just）about to do when did:
ⅲ) had donewhen did
We were sleeping when suddenly theearthquake happened.
我们正在睡觉，突然地震发生了。
I was about to go out when the telephonerang. 我正要出去，这时电话响了。
1）答案为B。本题表达的意思为“当你去邮局时，能否给我买几张邮票？”不能选A，as引导时间状语从句，V从句一般不用be动词。
2）答案A。不能选B。while引导时间状语从句，V从不能为瞬间动词。
3）答案B。本题句义为“随着选举的临近暴力事件越演越烈”。表示“随着”，只能用as。本句还可表达为：
With election approaching, the violence got worse.
4）答案为C。when表达“就在这个时候”
※※须指出的是，while还可以表达“转折对比”，译“…而…”
Their country has plenty of oil, while ourshas none.
他们国家盛产石油，我们国家却一点也没有。
2．before, since, until
1）
________will be years_______we meet again.
A．It ; since B．There ; after C．It ; that D．It ; before
2）Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up________ I could answer the phone.
A．when B．since C．until D．before
3）
—— What was the party like ?
—— Wonderful.It is years__________I enjoyed myself so much.
A．after B．before C．when D．since
4）Was it not the bell rang the students stood up ?
A．when ; that B．until ; that C．until ; when D．when ; then
before基本词义为“在…之前”，此外还可表达以下两个意思：
a）…才… The plane landed atBeijing Airport before we knew it.
重点句型：It wastwo days before he came to himself.
It will be two years before the bridge is completed.
It was not long before he died. → Soon he died.
It won’t be long before he gets well. → Soon he will get well
b）还未来得及…就 Before I could explain, theteacher drove me out of the classroom.
我未来得及作解释，老师就把我赶出教室。（before表示此义，其后常跟could或had time to do）
since“自…以来” since引导的时间状语从句，从句用过去时，主句则用完成时
She has never called on me since shemoved to the country.
自从她搬到乡下之后就没来看过我。
It is / has been a year since they got married. 他们结婚已有一年。
until 1）S + V（肯定句）until……。
在肯定句中，表示“直到…为止”。主句动词为连续性动词
I will wait（连续性）until he comes back.
2）Not / Never / No+n.……until……。在否定句中，表示“直到…才…”。主句谓语动词为终止性动词。
Until you told me I had no idea of what hadhappened in the school.
如果not until位于句首时，主句需要部分倒装结构
Not until the war ended did theymeet again.
还可以用于 It is（was）not until…that… 强调“not until…”
It was not until the war ended that theymet again. （主句用正常词序）
3．as soon as, the moment, every / each time, the first time, the lasttime
1）We called the First-Aid Centre the traffic accident occurred.
A．immediately B．shortly C．quickly D．hurriedly
2） I went to see him, he making experiments on living animals.
A．For the first time ; was busy B．Whenever,devoted to
C．The last time ; was lost in D．Every time ;was deeply in
表示“一…就…”，有多个连词
I will go there as soon as（the meoent / directly / immediately）I have finished my breakfast.
Hardly hadhe entered the room when the telephone rang. 他刚走进房间，电话就响了。
No soonerhad he heard the news than he fainted. 他一听到那个消息，就晕了过去。
注：在hardly…when…；no sooner…than…句型中，when /than前句用过去完成时；后句用一般过去时。
某些表示时间的名词词组，也可引导时间状语从句。every time / each time“每当”；the first time“第一次”；the last time“上一次”。
Every time I met him, I found him to betaller. 每次我见到他，我都觉得他长高了。
The first time I saw her, I fell in lovewith her. 我第一次见到他，就爱上了她。
二、条件状语从句
1）条件状语通常由if（如果）和unless（如果不，除非）引导。
If he is not in the office, he must be outfor lunch.
I will not lend the book to you unless youcan return it in time.
★2）引导条件状语从句还有as / so long as（只要），on condition that（条件是…），suppose / supposing（假如），provided（that）假如，in case（万一）
I’ll lend it to you as long as you handleit with care. 只要你小心使用，我会借给你的。
We will buy everything you produce providedthat the price is right.
若价格合适我们会采购你们的一切产品。
Suppose ( supposing) that this is not theright way to the station, what shall we do.
如果这不是去车站的路，我们该怎么办？
In case anything important happens, pleasecall me up.
万一发生重要的事情，请打电话给我。
三、让步状语从句
1．though, although（虽然，尽管）
引导的句子陈述的是基本事实。although语气重，通常置于句首。though可放在句首或句末。
Although / Though it is hard work, yet Ienjoy it.
I won’t hire him though he is a talentedman. 尽管他很有才华，但我不想雇用他。
注：although/though不能与but连用，但可与yet连用，以加强语气。
此外，表示“虽然”，还有while,as。as必须用倒装结构，把从句的表语、状语或谓语动词放在句首。
While I understand your viewpoint, I don’t agree with you. 虽然我理解你的观点，但我还是不同意。
将下列句子变成as引导的让步状语从句
1）Though he is a boy, he knows a lot.
2）Though Paul was disabled, he tried hisbest to serve the people.
3）Though I admire his courage very much, Idon’t think he acts wisely.
2．even if / even though（即使）
Even though I fail, I will keep on trying. 即使我失败，我仍会继续尝试下去。
3．Whether…or …，however / nomatter how …
1）Whether…or …引导让步状语，意为“不管…还是…”
All matter, whether it is a gas, a liquidor a solid, expands as the temperature rises.
不管是气体，液体，还是固体，所有的物体遇热都会膨胀。
I will study abroad whether my parentsagree or not.
不论我父母同意与否，我都要出国留学。
2）however / no matter how …“无论怎么…”。
句子结构Howeveradj / adv S + V；However S + V
However coldit is, she always go swimming. 无论天有多冷，她总是去游泳。
W’ll have to finish it, however long ittakes. 不管花多长时间，我们必须把它做完。
However Itried to explain, he wouldn’t listen. 无论我怎么解释，他就是不听。
类似的句子还有：Whatever/ No matter what may happen, we won’t change our plan.
需要强调的是在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，动作未发生，需用一般时表示将来时。
四、地点状语从句
地点状语从句的作用，是具体交待主句动作发生的地点。连词用where，句型如下：
1）S + V + where从句
You should put the book where it was. 你应该把书放在原来的地方。
Make a mark where you have any doubts orquestions. 有疑问的地方可以做个记号。
2）where S + V，（there）S + V，译“哪里…，那里…”
Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竞成。
Where water resources are plentiful,（there）hydroelectric power stations will be built.
哪里水源充足，就把水电站建在那里。
Wherever he went, he was warmly welcome. 无论他走到哪里，都受到热烈欢迎。
五、原因状语从句
引导原因状语从句的连词，有because, as, since和now that。
1）
__________I haven’t seen the film, Ican’t tell you what I think of it.
A．As B．For C．With D．Because
2）
_____________you have got a chance, youmight as well make full use of it.
A．Now that B．After C．Though D．As soon as
3）It must have rained last night,___________the ground is wet this morning.
A．for B．because C．therefore D．yet
1．because, as, since“因为”，都可以引导原因状语从句。
because语气最强，所陈述的理由是全句的重点，所引导的从句多放在句末。回答由why引出的问句，及在强调句中，若强调原因状语从句，只能用because。
He didn’t go out because it was raining.（全句中心）
—— Why wereyou late ?
—— Becausethe traffic was too heavy.
It was because he was careless thathe failed.
since, as引导的原因状语从句，语气比because弱，表述已为大家所知的明显的原因，经常在句首，主句是全句中心。
As / Since he is working hard, he islikely to succeed.（全句中心）
由于他工作努力，他可能会成功。
2．表示“既然”，用连词since或now that
Since / Now that John has arrived, we canbegin. 既然John已经到
3．because与for的区别
for引导的是并列分句。功能ⅰ）对前面的分句加以解释，ⅱ）说明推断的理由，for引导的句子只能后置。
I believe her, for surely she will not lieto me.
It is morning, for the birds are singing.天亮了，因鸟儿在鸣叫。
（鸟鸣不是导致天亮的原因，故本句不能用because代替for）
It must have rained last night, for theground is still wet.
答案：1）A 2）A 本句句义为：既然得了一个机会，你最好充分利用它。3）A
六、目的状语从句
1．由so that, in order that引导目的状语从句。
从句中谓语通常用may /might, can / could, will / would,
in order that引导的从句可置于句首，也可置于句末。so that引导的从句只能放在主句之后。
In order that he could make money, he did anything.
→ Inorder to make money, he did anything.
He told us to keep quiet so that wemight not disturb others.
→ He told usto keep quiet not to disturb others.
2．由in case, for fear that引导的目的状语从句
in case, for fear that“以防，以免”。应特别注意从句动词的形式
Take an umbrella in case it rains. 带把伞，以防下雨（从句用一般时）
I hid the book for fear that she wouldsee it. 我把书藏起来，以免被她看见。（从句用将来时）
七、结果状语从句
1．由so…that，such…that引导的结果状语从句
表达方式：such+n that…；so adj /adv that…
so adj + a / an + n that…；so many / much / few / little + n that…
It was such a bad accident that dozens ofpeople were killed.
So fierce was their dog that no one daredto come near. 他们的狗真凶恶，没有人敢走近它。
注：以上句型，若so或such位于句首，主句需部分倒装。
2．so, so that引导的结果状语从句
He made a wrong decision, so（that）half of his lifetime was wasted.
他做了错误决定，结果毁掉了半生。
八、方式状语从句
1．方式状语从句由as引导，词义：1）依照；2）象…一样
I will do as you advice. 我会照你的忠告去做。
Leave it as it is. 把它维持原状好了。
2．as与like的区别
两者均可表示“象”，但as为连词，后接从句或介词短语。
like为介词，后接名词或代词
On Friday, as on Monday, themeeting will be at 3:30.
Jim is very much like his father. It looks like rain.
九、状语从句的省略
在状语从句中，若从句主语和主句的主语相同，且谓语部分有be，则从句的主语和be可以省略。表达形式为：
When doing
If _____ ,_______S + V
Though done
用现在分词还是过去分词，由该动词与主句主语的关系决定。

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