两个介词从句的表达，不一样的地方，有劳大虾解读。

在英语介词短语中，构成短语的介词不同，有些短语的意思也差别很大。~

整理了很久 希望对你有用O(∩_∩)O
介词的用法
上午、晚要用in，at黎明、午夜、点与分。
年、月、年月、季节、周，阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。
将来时态in...以后，小处at大处in。
有形with无形by，语言、单位、材料in。
特征、方面与方式，心情成语惯用in。
介词at和to表方向，攻击、位置、恶、善分。
日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早、午、晚，
收音、农场、值日on，关于、基础、靠、著论。
着、罢、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付、相反，准。
特定时日和"一……就"，on后常接动名词。
年、月、日加早、午、晚，of之前on代in。
步行、驴、马、玩笑on，cab，carriage则用in。
at山脚、门口、在当前，速、温、日落、价、核心。
工具、和、同随with，具有、独立、就、原因。
就……来说宾译主，对、有、方状、表细分。
海、陆、空、车、偶、被by，单数、人类know to man。
this、that、tomorrow，yesterday，next、last、one。
接年、月、季、星期、周，介词省略已习惯。
over、under正上下，above、below则不然，
若与数量词连用，混合使用亦无关。'
beyond超出、无、不能，against靠着，对与反。
besides，except分内外，among之内along沿。
同类比较except，加for异类记心间。
原状because of,、 owing to、 due to表语形容词
under后接修、建中，of、from物、化分
before、after表一点, ago、later表一段。
before能接完成时，ago过去极有限。
since以来during间，since时态多变换。
与之相比beside，除了last but one。
复不定for、找、价、原，对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。
快到、对、向towards，工、学、军、城、北、上、南。
but for否定用虚拟，复合介词待后言。
ing型由于鉴，除了除外与包合。
之后、关于、在......方面，有关介词须记全。
in内to外表位置，山、水、国界to在前。

如大体掌握如上介调用法口诀，就不易出错。下面对该口诀分别举例帮助你理解消化。

早、午、晚要用in
例：in the morning 在早上
in the afternoon 在下午
in the evening 在晚上
in the day 在白天
at黎明、午、夜、点与分
　　例: at dawn, at daybreak 在黎明时候
　　at noon 在中午
　　at night 在夜间
　　at midnight 在午夜
以上短语都不用冠词
　　at six o'clock 在6点钟
　　at 7：30 (seven thirty) 在7点半
　　at half past eleven 在11点半
　　at nine fifteen 在9点15分
　　at ten thirty a.m. 在上午10点30分
　　也可以写成
　　seven to five 5点差7分(半小时以上)
　　five minutes after two 2点过5分
　　at a quarter to two 1点45分
　　at the weekend 在周末
年、月、年月、季节、周
　　即在"来年"，在"某月"，在"某年某月" (但在某年某月某
　　日则用on)，在四季，在第几周等都要用in。
　　例；in 1986 在1986年
　　in 1927 在1927年
　　in April 在四月
　　in March 在三月
　　in December 1986 1986年12月
　　in July l983 1983年7月
　　in spring 在春季 in summer 在夏季
　　in autumn 在秋季 in winter 在冬季
　　in the fist week of this semester 这学期的第一周
　　in the third week 在第三周
阳光、灯、影、衣、冒 in，
　　即在阳光下，在灯下，在树阴下，穿衣、着装、冒雨等都要用in。
　　例：Don't read in dim light. 切勿在暗淡的灯光下看书。
　　They are reviewing their lessons in the bright light. 他们在明亮的灯光下复习功课。
　　They are sitting in the shade of a tree. 他们坐在树阴下乘凉。
　　a prisoner in irons 带着镣铐的囚犯
　　He went in the rain to meet me at the station. 他冒雨到车站去接我。
　　The poor dressed (clothed) in rags in old society. 旧社会穷人们衣衫褴褛．
　　以及：in the bright sunlight 在明亮的阳光下
　　a merchant in disguise 乔装的商人
　　the woman in white (black, red, yellow) 穿着白(黑、红、黄)色衣服的妇女
　　in uniform 穿着制服
　　in mourning 穿着丧服
　　in brown shoes 穿着棕色鞋
　　in his shirt sleeves 穿着衬衫
将来时态in...以后
　　例: They will come back in 10 days. 他们将10天以后回来。
　　I'll come round in a day or two. 我一两天就回来。
　　We'll be back in no time. 我们一会儿就回来。
　　Come and see me in two days' time. 两天后来看我。(从现在开始)
　　after... (从过去开始)
小处at大处in
　　例：Li and I arrived at Heishan county safe and sound, all is well. Don't worry. 李和我平安地到达黑山县，一切很好，勿念。
　　I live in a great city (big city), my sister lives at a small town while my parents live at a village. 我住在大城市，我姐姐住在一个小城镇，而我的父母则住在农村。
　　I'm in Liaoning, at Anshan. 我住在辽宁省鞍山市．
有形with无形by，语言 、单位、材料in
　　例：The workers are paving a road with stone. 工人们正用石子铺路。(有形)
　　The teacher is correcting the paper with a new pen. 这位教师正用一支新笔批改论文。(有形)
　　"Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy" is a good opera. >是-出好戏。(无形)
　　The product is separated by distilation into gasoline and gas oil. 这种产品是用蒸馏分离出气油和粗柴油。 (表示方式、手段、方法--无形)
　　I really can't express my idea in English freely in-deed． 我确实不能用英语流利地表达我的思想。 (表示某种语言用in)
　　I wrote a novel in Russian. 我用俄语写了一本小说。(同上)
　　The kilometer is the biggest unit of length in the metric system． 公里是米制中最长的长度单位。 (表示度、量、衡单位的用in )
　　The length is measured in meter, kilometre, and centimetre. 长度是以米、公里、厘米为单位来计算的。(同上)
　　This board was cast in bronze not in gold. 这个牌匾是铜铸的，不是金铸的
特征、方面与方式、心情、成语惯用in
　　特征或状态：
　　例: The Democratic Party was then in power. 那时民主党执政。
　　They found the patient in a coma. 他们发现病人处于昏迷状态。
　　He has not been in good health for some years. 他几年来身体一直不好。
　　Many who came in despair went away in hope. 许多人带着绝望情绪而来，却满怀希望而去。
　　The house was in ruins. 这房屋成了废墟。
　　The poor girl was in tears. 这个贫苦女孩泪流满面。
　　Her clothes were in rags. 她的衣跟穿破了。
　　His shoes were in holes. 他的鞋穿出窟窿了。
　　I only said it in fun. 我说这话只是开玩笑的。
　　She spoke in grief rather than in anger. 与其说她讲得很气愤，不如说她讲得很伤心。
还有一些短语也用in，如：
　　in jest 诙谐地，in joke 开玩笑地，in spite 恶意地， in fairness 公正地，in revenge 报复, in mercy 宽大，in sorrow 伤心地等。
　　His mind was in great confusion. 他脑子里很乱。
　　Today everybody is in high spirits and no one is in low ebb. 今天大家都兴高采烈，没有一个情绪低落。
　　She and her classmates are in flower ages. 她和她的同学都正值妙龄。
　　The compaign was in full swing. 运动正值高潮中。
　　方面：
　　例：we accepted the item in principle. 我们在原则上接受了这个条款。
　　They are never backward in giving their views. 他们从来不怕发表自己的意见。
　　The backward area has achieved self-sufficient in grain. 这个落后的地区在粮食方面已能自给。
　　A good teacher must be an example in study. 一个好的教师必须是学习的模范。
　　方式：
　　例：All the speeches were taken down in shorthand. 所有报告都用速记记录下来了。
The Party has always educated us in the spirit of patriotism and internationalism. 党一贯以爱国主义和国际主义精神教育我们。
如下成语惯用in
　　例如： in all 总计
　　in advance 事前
　　in the meantime 与此同时
　　in place 适当地
　　in hopes of(或in the hope of) 怀着.......希望
　　in connection with 和……有关
　　in contact with 和……联系
　　in addition to 除......以外
　　in case of 倘若，万一
　　in conflict with 和......冲突
　　in force 有效的，大批
　　in depth 彻底地
　　in regard to 关于
　　in the neighborhood of 大约、邻近
　　in retrospect 回顾，一想起
　　in behalf of 代表......利益
　　in the least 一点，丝毫
　　in alarm 惊慌、担心
　　in the opinion of 据……见解
　　in the long run 从长远说来
　　in one's opinion 在……看来
　　in word 口头上
　　in a word 总之
　　in vain 无益地, 白白地
　　in case 如果，万一，以防
　　in detail 详细地
　　in haste 急急忙忙地
　　in conclusion 总之
　　in spite of 尽管
　　in other words... 换句话说
　　in return 作为回报
　　in the name of 以......名义
　　be confident in 对......有信心
　　be interested in 对......感兴趣
　　in doubt 怀疑
　　in love 恋爱中
　　in debt 负债
　　in fun (jest、joke) 玩笑地
　　in hesitation 犹豫不决
　　in wonder 在惊奇中
　　in public (secret) 公开他(秘密地)
　　in a good humour 心情(情绪)好
"介词at、to表方向，攻击、位置、善、恶、分"。
　　介词at和to都可以表示方向; 用at表示方向时，侧重于攻击的目标，往往表示恶意；用to表示方向时，突出运动的位置或动作的对象，侧重表示善意。试比较下列各句：
　　1. A．She came at me. 她向我扑过来。
　　B．She came to me. 她向我走过来。
　　2．A．Jake ran at John. 几 杰克向约翰扑过去。
　　B．Jake ran to John. 杰克朝约翰跑去。
　　3．A. He rushed at the woman with a sword. 他拿着剑向那妇女扑过去。
　　B. He rushed to the woman with a sword. 他带着剑向那妇女跑过去。
　　4．A．He shouted at the old man. 他大声喝斥那老人。
　　B. He shouted to the old man. 他大声向那老人说
　　5．A．I heard her muttering at Xiao Li. 我听见她在抱怨小李。
　　B．I heard her muttering to Xiao Li. 我听见她在同小李低声说话。
　　6．A. She talked at you just now. 她刚才还说你坏话呢。
　　B．She talked to you just now. 她刚才还同你谈话呢.
　　7．A．She threw a bone at the dog. 她用一块骨头砸狗。
　　B．She threw a bone to the dog. 她把一块骨头扔给狗吃。
　　8．A．He presented a pistol at me. 他用手枪对着我。
　　B．He presented a pistol to me. 他赠送我一支手枪。
日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早午晚; 以下皆用on。
　　例: on Octorber the first 1949 1949年10月1日
　　on February the thirteenth l893 1893年2月13日
　　on May the first 5月1日
　　on the first 1号
　　on the sixteenth 16号
　　on the second of January 或 on January the second 1月2日
　　on a summer evening 在夏天的一个夜晚
　　on Boxing Day 在节礼日(圣诞节次日)
　　on New Year's Day 在元旦
　　on my birthday 在我的生日
　　但 in the Christmas holidays在圣诞节假期; in the eighteenth century 在十八世纪; in ancient times 在古代; in earlier times 在早期; in modern times 在现代，则用in，the present time 现在，at the present day当今则用at。
　　on May Day 在"五·一"节
　　on winter day 在冬天
　　on Decenber 12th 1950 l950年12月12日
　　on Sunday 在星期天
　　on Monday 在星期一
　　on Tuesday morning 星期二早晨
　　on Saturday afternoon 星期六下午
　　on Friday evening 星期五晚上
　　但last night 昨夜；in the evening 在晚上; on time准时，in time及时，等则不同。
年月日，加早午晚，of之前on代in
　　例： on the morning of 18th 18日早晨
　　on the evening of 4th 4日晚上
　　On the eve of their departure they gave a farewell banquet and their head gave a garewell speech. 他们在临行前夕举行了一次告别宴会，他们的团长发表了告别讲话。
收音、农场，值日on
　　例：Did your supervisor like the story over (or on) the radio last night?
　　您的导师喜欢昨天从收音机里听到的故事吗?
　　I heard the news over (or on) the radio. 我从收音机里听到了这一条消息。
　　taIk over the radio 由无线电播音
　　on TV 从电视里......
　　hear something on the wireless 在无线电里听到
　　My brother works on an Army reclamation farm. 我哥哥在一个军垦农场工作。
　　The students are working on a school farm. 学生们正在校办农场劳动。
　　This is a farmer's house on a farm. 这是农场的农舍。
　　Who is on duty, tody? 今天谁值日?
　　We go on duty at 8 a.m. 我们上午8点钟上班。
关于、基础、靠、著论
　　例: This afternoon we are going to listen to a report on the international situation. 今天下午我们要听关于国际形势的报告。
　　Professor Shen will give us a talk on travelling in America. 申教授将给我们做关于美国之行的报告。

定语从句
（序）
定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，
其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分。
定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。
定语从句存在的条件:先行词+关系词（有的版本作关联词）+从句

（一） 限定性定语从句
1. that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置
2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢
3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all, anything, much等，这时的that常被省略
4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语
5. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句
6. when引导定语从句表示时间〔注〕值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导
By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.
7. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格
8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导


（二）非限定性定语从句
非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立
1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分
2. 在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which
Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed.
人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。
I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it.
我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐，而他恰恰与我相反。
We arrived the day that(on which) they left.
刚好我们到的那天他们走了。
3. 有时as也可用作关系代词
4. 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物.


（三）定语从句及相关术语
1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。

（四）关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人，在从句中做主语
(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.
(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.
注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend
3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
如果在从句中做宾语,就用whom或who.比如: He is the man whom/who I talk to.
如果是在从句中作主语就只能用who.比如: He is the man who has an English book.
4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。
在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.
(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?
5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?

（五）注意
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时
从句常由介词+关系代词引导
(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.
(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.
(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.
(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.
(5) We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.
(6) We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.
注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等
(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)
(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)
2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose
(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)
(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F)
(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)
(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)
3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词
(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.

（六）关系副词引导的定语从句
1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语
(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
(2) The time when we got together finally came.2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语
(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.
(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语
(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,
(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.

（七）判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）
（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
（对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one答案：
例1 D，例2 A
例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)；
先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。

（八）介词+关系词
1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2）that前不能有介词。
3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。 This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

（十）先行词和关系词二合一
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here. (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替) 2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (what 可以用all that代替)

（十一as） which 非限定性定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
典型例题
1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
答案B。
which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..
A. that B. which C. as D. it
答案B.
as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：
(1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。
(2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。
在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。
As 的用法例
1. the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；
例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。


（十二）关系代词that 的用法
(1)不用that的情况
(a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.
(b) 介词后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
(2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
(a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
(b) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
(c) 先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。
(d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.
(e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。举例：
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
所需的只是供油问题。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。

（十三）难点分析
（一）限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况
1．当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时
(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?
(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.
(3) All that can be done has been done.
(4) There is little that I can do for you.
注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
(4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.
2. 当先行词被序数词修饰
(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
(1) This is the best film that I have seen.
4. 当形容词被the very, the only 修饰时
(1) This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy,
(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.
当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting？
5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时
(1) Who is the man that is standing there?
(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?
6. 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时
(1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?
（二）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：
1．As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。
(1) He married her, as/which was natural.
(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.
2. as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思
(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.
(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.
(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.
(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe.
注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which
(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.
3. 当先行次受such, the same修饰时，常用as
(1) I have never heard such a story as he tells.
(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.
(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.
注意：当先行次由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同
(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.
她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。
(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。
(三）以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。
(1) The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.
(四) but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句
(1) There are very few but understand his idea.
( but= who don’t )
(五) 区分定语从句和同位语从句
1．定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；
同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系
(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定语从句
(2) The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位于从句
2．定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；
同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；
句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等词引导，充当成分
(1) The news he told me is true.
(2) The news that he has just died is true.
(3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. 定语
(4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.
3. 同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以
(1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. 同位语
(2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.
(3) The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.
(4) The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.

区别很大，可以从下面的结构分析发现这一点：

第一句

• 主句：People like to do business witht hose 【those 指代已知的那些人，等于 those people，意思是“人们愿意与那些人进行来往”】

• 定语从句：with whom they’ve established common ground。【whom 指代先行词 those，意思是 “他们已经与之建立了互相了解基础的的那些人”。如果用独立的句子表示就是 they’ve established common ground with those people】

　　参考译文：人们愿意与他们已经与其建立了互相了解基础的那些人进行交往。

第二句

• 主句：People like to do business with those 【同上】

• 同位语从句：they’ve established common ground 【省略了关联词 that，具体说明是什么样的 business，意思是 “这种交往就是他们已经建立了互相了解的基础”。如果用独立的句子表示就是 the bussiness is that they’ve established common ground】

　　参考译文：人们愿意与那些人进行他们已经建立了互相了解基础的来往。

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