在英语中数词，量词的用法

英语数词的用法？~

数词分基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目,序数词表示顺序。
1. 基数词的用法
(1) 基数词在句中主要用作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语,例如:
Thirty of them are Party members. (主语)
--- How many would you like ?
--- Three , please .(作宾语)
The nine boys are from Tianjing. (定语)
Six plus four is ten. (表语)
We four will go with you. (同位语)
(2) 表示一个具体数字时, hundred, thousand, million 一律不用复数;在表示一个不确定数字时则用复数。例如:
Our country has a population of 1,300 million people.
There are three thousand students in our school.
After the war, thousands of people became homeless.
Maize is the most important food crop for millions of people in the world.
They arrived in twos and threes .
(3) 表示 “…… 十 ” 的数词的复数形式可用来表示人的岁数或年代,例如:
He is in his early thirties. He died still in his forties. This took place in 1930s.
(4) 表示时刻用基数词。例如:
We get up at six. The workers begin work at eight.
表示 “ 几点过几分 ” ,用介词 past, 但须在半小时以内。例如:
ten past ten, a quarter past nine, half past twelve
表示 “ 几点差几分 ” 用介词 to, 但分数须在半小时以上。例如:
twenty to nine, five to eight, a quarter to ten
表示 “ 几点几分 ” 还可直接用基数词。例如:
seven fifteen, eleven thirty, nine twenty
2. 序数词的用法
(1)序数词主要用作定语,前面要加定冠词,例如:
The first truck is carrying a foot baskets. John lives on the fifteenth floor .
(2)序数词有时前面可加不定冠词来表示 “ 再一 ” , “ 又一 ” 这样的意思,例如:
We'll have to do it a second time. Shall I ask him a third time?
When I sat down, a fourth man rose to speak.
(3)由几个序数词和基数词在拼写时不对应,很容易写错,应特别注意。它们是:one---first, two---second, three---third, five---fifth, eight---eighth, nine---ninth, twelve---twelfth 。
(4)表示年,月,日时, 年用基数词表示,日用序数词表示。例如:
1949 年十月一 日 读作 : October (the) first, nineteen sixty
2004 年九月十 日 读作: September (the) tenth, two thousand and four
(5)表示分数时,分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示。分子大于 1 时,分母加 -s 。例如:
three fourths, one second, wo fifths
(6)序数词有时用缩写形式:
first → 1st, second → 2nd, third → 3rd, fourth → 4th, twenty-second → 22nd
英语中的数词是指表示数目多少或顺序先后的词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词，如 one, five, ten, thirty,sixty-five 等；表示顺序先后的数词叫序数词，如 first, sixth, tenth, twenty-first 等。数词用法相当于名词和形容词，在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语等。
参考资料
百度知道：https://wenku.baidu.com/view/ee39ae04f011f18583d049649b6648d7c1c708e5.html

数词分基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目,序数词表示顺序。
1. 基数词的用法
(1) 基数词在句中主要用作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语,例如:
Thirty of them are Party members. (主语)
--- How many would you like ?
--- Three , please .(作宾语)
The nine boys are from Tianjing. (定语)
Six plus four is ten. (表语)
We four will go with you. (同位语)
(2) 表示一个具体数字时, hundred, thousand, million 一律不用复数;在表示一个不确定数字时则用复数。例如:
Our country has a population of 1,300 million people.
There are three thousand students in our school.
After the war, thousands of people became homeless.
Maize is the most important food crop for millions of people in the world.
They arrived in twos and threes .
(3) 表示 “…… 十 ” 的数词的复数形式可用来表示人的岁数或年代,例如:
He is in his early thirties. He died still in his forties. This took place in 1930s.
(4) 表示时刻用基数词。例如:
We get up at six. The workers begin work at eight.
表示 “ 几点过几分 ” ,用介词 past, 但须在半小时以内。例如:
ten past ten, a quarter past nine, half past twelve
表示 “ 几点差几分 ” 用介词 to, 但分数须在半小时以上。例如:
twenty to nine, five to eight, a quarter to ten
表示 “ 几点几分 ” 还可直接用基数词。例如:
seven fifteen, eleven thirty, nine twenty
2. 序数词的用法
(1)序数词主要用作定语,前面要加定冠词,例如:
The first truck is carrying a foot baskets. John lives on the fifteenth floor .
(2)序数词有时前面可加不定冠词来表示 “ 再一 ” , “ 又一 ” 这样的意思,例如:
We'll have to do it a second time. Shall I ask him a third time?
When I sat down, a fourth man rose to speak.
(3)由几个序数词和基数词在拼写时不对应,很容易写错,应特别注意。它们是:one---first, two---second, three---third, five---fifth, eight---eighth, nine---ninth, twelve---twelfth 。
(4)表示年,月,日时, 年用基数词表示,日用序数词表示。例如:
1949 年十月一 日 读作 : October (the) first, nineteen sixty
2004 年九月十 日 读作: September (the) tenth, two thousand and four
(5)表示分数时,分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示。分子大于 1 时,分母加 -s 。例如:
three fourths, one second, wo fifths
(6)序数词有时用缩写形式:
first → 1st, second → 2nd, third → 3rd, fourth → 4th, twenty-second → 22nd
英语中的数词是指表示数目多少或顺序先后的词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词，如 one, five, ten, thirty,sixty-five 等；表示顺序先后的数词叫序数词，如 first, sixth, tenth, twenty-first 等。数词用法相当于名词和形容词，在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语等。
参考资料
百度知道：https://wenku.baidu.com/view/ee39ae04f011f18583d049649b6648d7c1c708e5.html

1. 数词作主语，不论指人还是指物，谓语通常用复数。
About twenty know the secret. 二十人知道这个秘密。
Six are missing. 丢了六个。

2. “more than one + 单数名词”结构作主语，尽管从意义上看是复数，但它的谓语动词用单数形式。但“more+复数名词+than one”结构作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
More than one person has known the news. 不止一个人知道了这个消息。
More students than one are for your proposal. 很多学生同意你的计划。

3. one out of ten 或one in ten结构作主语，谓语动词应按照语法一致的原则，用单数。
One out of ten was badly injured in the accident. 在这场事故中有十分之一的人受了伤。

4. “a +单数名词 + or two” 结构作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。但“one or two +复数名词”结构作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。
A word or two is missing here. 这里缺一两个词。
One or two friends are coming for dinner this evening. 一两个朋友今晚要来吃晚饭。

5. “many a + 单数名词”结构作主语，谓语动词需用单数形式。
Many a passenger was killed in the accident.许多乘客在这一次事故中丧生。
Many a boy has been to the castle. 有好几个男孩到过那城堡。

6. “one and a half + 复数名词”结构作主语，谓语动词需用单数形式。
One and a half bananas is left on the table. 桌上还剩下一根半香蕉。
One and a half years has passed. 一年半时间过去了。

7. “分数或百分数+ of + 名词”结构作主语，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致。
Three-fourths of its surface of the earth is sea. 地球表面四分之三是海洋。
Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan. 在场的三分之二的人反对这个计划。
Around 10 percent of the forest is destroyed each year. 每年大约有百分之十的森林被毁。

8. 用plusand表示“加”，用minus表示“减”，和用times表示“乘”时，动词多用单数，但也可用复数。
Two and two isare four. 二加二是四。
Ten times five isare fifty. 十乘五等于五十。
注意：
用from表示“被减”，multiplied by表示“被乘”或divided by表示“被除”，其谓语动词用单数。

8 from 10 leaves 2. 10减8等于2。
25 divided by 5 equals 5. 25除以5等于5。
9. 时间价格距离等作为整体看待时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Fifty kilometers is a long distance. 五十公里是一段长距离。
Four thousand dollars is more than she can afford. 她付不起4，000美元。
The six months was a terrible dream for her. 那6个月对她来说是一场恶梦。
Only six days was allowed to make preparations for the final examination. 只给了六天的时间来准备期末考试。
注意：
若强调这类结构的复数意义，谓语动词也可用复数形式。
Six years have passed since my father left home. 我父亲离家已经六年了。
The fifty miles were covered by the winner in three hours. 优胜者花了三小时跑完了50英里的路程。
There are eight silver dollars in the drawer. 抽屉里有八块银元。

10.“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a heap of, a mass of, half of +名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为of后面的名词是中心词，而of前面的量词是修饰语。
Lots of damage was caused by fire. 许多损失由火灾引起的。
Lots of goods were sent there by air. 大量的货物空运到那里。
Half of the oranges are bad. 一半的桔子烂了。
Half of the food is unfit to eat. 这食物中有一半不能吃。

11. 在“a numbertotal of+名词复数”结构中，中心词是名词，谓语动词用复数形式。但在“the numbertotal of+ 名词复数”结构中，中心词却是number或total，故谓语动词用单数形式。
A number of students are playing basketball on the playground. 操场上有相当多的学生在打篮球。
The number of pages in this book is 900. 这本书的页数是900。
A total of 3，000 letters were received last month. 上个月共收到3，000封信。
The total of letters received last month was 3，000. 上个月收到信件共3，000封。

12. 在“a great deal of a large amount of + 不可数名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。但“large amounts of + 不可数名词”结构作主语，谓语动词通常用复数。
A great deal of rice was taken from the country to the city by railway. 很多大米通过铁路从乡下运往城市。
A large amount of money is spent on the project. 这个工程耗费了巨额资金。
Large amounts of money were spent on the free way. 建高速公路花了大量的钱。

13. “the rest of + 可数名词或不可数名词”结构作主语，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致。
The rest of the students are watering trees. 其余的学生正在浇树。
The rest of the wine has gone bad. 剩下的酒已经变质了。

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