高中英语倒装

高中英语倒装句~

14.1 倒装句之全部倒装

全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和 一般过去时。常见的结构有：
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。
There goes the bell.
Then came the chairman.
Here is your letter.


2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
Ahead sat an old woman.


注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
Here he comes. Away they went.

14.2 倒装句之部分倒装


部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。


1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。
Never have I seen such a performance.
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。

注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.

典型例题

1) Why can't I smoke here?
At no time___ in the meeting-room
A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted
C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit
答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。 这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.

2） Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.
A. man did know B. man know C. didn't man know D. did man know
答案D. 看到Not until…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。
改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。

14.3 以否定词开头作部分倒装



如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.

典型例题
No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game began B. has the game begun
C. did the game begin D. had the game begun
答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when 等等。

注意：只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。
Not only you but also I am fond of music.

14.4 so, neither, nor作部分倒装


表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒装。
Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
If you won't go, neither will I.

典型例题
---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?
---I don't know, _____.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
答案：B. nor为增补意思"也不关心"，因此句子应倒装。A错在用 don't 再次否定， C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。 D缺乏连词。


注意： 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为"的确如此"。
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.
---It's raining hard. ---So it is.

14.5 only在句首要倒装的情况


Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.
14.6 as, though 引导的倒装句


as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 （形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。

注意：
1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。
2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.

注意:
让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。

14.7 其他部分倒装



1) so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.

2) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中：
May you all be happy.

3) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。
Were I you, I would try it again.

典型例题：
1） Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is
A. man did know B. man knew C. didn't man know D. did man know
答案为D. 否定词Not在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。

2） Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn't I realize B. did I realize C. I didn't realize D. I realize
答案为B。

3) Do you know Tom bought a new car?
I don't know, ___.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care
C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
解析：答案为B. 句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示"也不"。由 so, neither, nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中, so用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。

1.“某些副词+不及物动词+主语”的句式,需要全部倒装.常用的副词主要有：here ,there ,now ,then ,out ,in ,down ,up ,away 等,表示强调.主语是代词时,不必倒装.
Out rushed the boy .
Down came the brown wave .
2.表示方位的短语放在句首,后面一般使用倒装语序.
West of the lake lies the famous city .
3.There be + 主语+地点.其中动词be也可以是其他词,如lie,stand等.
There are many different kinds of mooncakes on the table .
There in Greece lived a famous thinker ,named Aristotle .
4.如果直接引语后注明是什么人说的,而且主语是名词时,需要完全倒装；主语是代词时,一般不用倒装.
“Let’s go !”said the captain .
“Take off your boots !” ordered the guard .
5.为了保持句子平衡,或为了强调表语或状语,或使上下文紧密衔接时.
They arrived at an old church ,in front of which stood a big crowd of people .
6.用于so开头的句子,表示重复前面相同的内容,意为“也怎么样”.另外,在结果状语从句句型so …that …中,如果强调so…放在句首,主句需要部分倒装.
I often go out for a walk after supper .So does she .
我经常在晚饭后出去散步,她也这样.
So excited was she at the news that she couldn’t say a word .
听到这个消息,她是如此激动,以致于一句话也说不出来.
7.用于nor ,neither 开头的句子,表示重复前面相同的内容,“也不怎么样”.
Li Lei can’t answer the question .Neither can I .
If you don’t wait for him ,nor shall I .
8.only放在句首,强调状语（副词,介词短语或状语从句等）,全句语序要部分倒装.
Only in this way can we get in touch with them .
Only because he was ill was he absent from school .
注意：only放在句首,强调主语时,语序不必倒装.
Only Mr Wang knows about it .
9.带有否定意义的词放在句首,语序需要部分倒装.常见的词语有：not ,never ,seldom ,scarcely ,barely ,little ,at no time ,not only ,not once ,under on condition ,hardly … when ,no sooner …than ……等.
Little did I think he is a spy .
我一点也没想到他是一个间谍.
Hardly had I reached home when it began to rain .
No sooner had I entered the room than the phone rang .
10.在虚拟语气中,倒装代替条件.
Should he be here next week ,he would help us with the problem .
Were there no light ,we could see nothing .
11.用于某些表示祝愿的句子.
May you succeed !Long live France !法兰西万岁!

完全倒装有以下几种常见的：
1.完全倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前（是整个谓语动词，而非助动词）
例如：In came the teacher and the class began.
2.当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时，句子须倒装。
例如：Round the corner walked a large policeman.
3 当句首状语由“only +副词”，“only +介词词组”，“only +状语从句”构成时，句子须倒装。
例如： Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.
4.以关联词so (…that)开头的句子中，句子须倒装。
例如：So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.

部分倒装的用法如下：
1.部分倒装即只把谓语的一部分（如助动词、情态动词等）放到主语前，或把句子的强调成分提前。
例如：Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he has always dreamt about.
2.以否定词开头的句子要求部分倒装。
例如：Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.
3.以否定副词开头并加状语放在句首的句子要求部分倒装。这些否定副词有barely, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely…… when, never, no sooner…… than, rarely, no more, not nearly, not only等以及only。
例如：Only in the country can you learn the “true English”.

完全倒装是谓语动词全部在主语后面，有一下情况：
1。 副词here, there, now, then 等
Here comes the bus. There goes the bell.
Now comes autumn. Then came winter.
2. 介词或介词短语
Out rushed the children.
In came the boy.
In front of the policeman stood some crimials.

部分倒装
1. 否定词引起的倒装
Seldom does he come here.
Hardly had I arrived when I started to work.
Not a single word did I hear at the meeting.
2. Only 引起的倒装
Only then did I know how to do the work.
Only in this way can you solve the problem.
Only when he graduated fron university did he return home.
3. So...that, not only...but also
So interesting was the book that I was buried in it .
Not only did he pay attention to the work he was doing but also he
was ready to help others.

倒装是一种语法手段，用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。倒装句有两种：完全倒装和部分倒装。
1. 完全倒装
例如：In came the teacher and the class began. （老师走了进来，然后开始上课。）
2.2. 部分倒装
Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he has always dreamt about（疾病没有使他放弃过上梦想中的生活）

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