名词性从句中，什么时候用that，什么时候用where？什么时候用it？

什么时候用that 什么时候用where~

each time 已经是连词了,不需要加其他任何关系代/副词了



定语从句
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有： when, where, why等。
18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3）which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语）

关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1）when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？

2）that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.

判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）
（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
（对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.

习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
答案：例1 D，例2 A

例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum 词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。

限制性和非限制性定语从句
1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：
This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）
2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。

3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。

说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。

介词+关系词
1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2）that前不能有介词。
3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

as, which 非限定性定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.

典型例题
1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。

2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。

3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..
A. that B. which C. as D. it
答案B.
as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：
(1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而 which不可。
(2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。
在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。

As 的用法
例1. the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。

先行词和关系词二合一
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.
(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)
2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.
(what 可以用all that代替)

what/whatever;that/what; who/whoever
1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything
What you want has been sent here.
Whatever you want makes no difference to me.
2) who= the person that whoever= anyone who
（错）Who breaks the law will be punished.
（错）Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.
（对）Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
（对）Who robbed the bank is not clear.
3) that 和 what
当that引导定语从句时 ，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。What只能引导名词性从 句， 用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。
I think (that) you will like the stamps.
What we need is more practice.

关系代词that 的用法
1）不用that的情况
a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(错) The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
b) 介词后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.

2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
b) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
c) 先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。
d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.
e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。

举例：
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
所需的只是供油问题。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。

A. 以下情况多用that.
(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如：
All the people that are present burst into tears.
Is there anything that I can do for you?
(2) 如果先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, the best等词修饰，关系代词常用that(指人时，可以用who),例如：
This is the very book that I want to find.
That is the best film that we have seen.
I was the only person in my office that/who was invited.

(3) 当先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much所修饰时；
You can take any seat that is free.
(4) 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时。
It is the first foreign book that I have ever seen.
This is the most beautiful flower that I have seen.
(5) 在there be句型中，常用that.
There is a man that lives in that village.
(6) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。例如：
The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.
B. 以下情况用which.
(1) 当关系词前面有介词时，指物常用which.
The prize for which he worked so hard was a new bike.
He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.
(2) 非限制性定语从句指物时，多用which.
Bamboo is hollow, which makes it light.
He wrote an article, which tells us about the computer.
(3) 如果先行词本身是that时，只用which.
This is that which he bought yesterday.
(4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，例如：
He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.

it是人称代词,作主语或者宾语.但是从句中关系代词作主语和宾语时就不能使用it了，定语从句中引导词可以是who ，which，where，whom，that，但不能用it

一．that 引导主语从句时,that 没有意义,但不能省略.（that 引导宾语从句时可以省略.）
For example:
It worried her a bit that her hair was turning gray.她的头发正在变白,这使她很不安.that引导主语从句,it 作形式主语,that 不能省略.
That she is a rich woman is known to us all.众所周知,她是个富有的女人.这是that 引导主语从句,that 不能省略.这句话可以改为用it 作形式主语的句型.请同学们改写：It is known to us all that she is a rich woman.）
We didn’t know (that) you had sold your house.我们不知道你已经把你的房子卖了.这是that引导宾语从句,that 可以省略.注意这句话的时态.
二.宾语从句.
1． that 引导的宾语从句:that 没有意义,在口语或非正式文体中常省略
例如：
I really feel she’s making a mistake.我的确感到她正犯错误.
James said (that) he was feeling better.詹姆斯说他感到好些了.
Hearing that his son was badly wounded,he hurried to the hospital to see him.听说儿子受了重伤,他急忙赶到医院去看望他.
I suggested that we should go home.我建议我们回家去.虚拟语气,that 一般不能省略.
2．whether/if (是否)引导的宾语从句：如果要突出“究竟是…还是不…”,常在whether 后面加or not; if 一般不与or not连用.如：
He asked me if/whether I knew John.他问我是否认识约翰.
Let me know whether you can come or not.你能来还是不能来,告诉我一声.
三.、 同位语从句
同位语从句是对名词的内容给予具体、详细的说明.常在后面接同位语从句的名词有fact,news,idea,truth,hope,suggestion,question,problem,doubt,fear,belief等.同位语从句常用的引导词为that,有是也用when,where 等疑问词.
如：
The news that the United States was hit by terrorist attacks took the whole world by surprise.美国受到恐怖主义分子袭击的消息令全世界吃惊.
The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的.
People used to hold the belief that the earth was the center of the universe.人们曾认为地球是宇宙的中心.
The difficulty lies in the fact that we are short of money.困难在于我们缺乏资金这个事实.
They have no idea at all where he has gone.他们一点儿也不知道他去哪儿了.
注意：同位语从句的that 只是引导词,没有其他语法作用,在句子中不作句子成分,不能省略；而定语从句中的that 除了引导定语从句外,还是定语从句的一个成分,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不能省略,作宾语时可以省略

  一、名词性从句的界定与分类： 名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句中的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。 主语从句（Subject Clauses） Who made the long distance call to him is not important. 表语从句（Predicative Clauses） That is why he decided to buy a mobile phone. 宾语从句（Object Clauses） We need to think about what we should say to the students. 同位语从句（Appositive Clauses）The news that he has been elected president of the United States is true. 二、名词性从句有下列相同之处： 1、 关联词相同 从属连词    that, whether, if 连词代词    who, what, which ,whatever,whichever, whoever,whomever 连词副词    when, where, how, why 2、名词性从句均不能用逗号和主句分开。 一、主语从句：定义：一个从句在复合句中作主句的主语，这个从句就叫主语从句。 二、主语从句的表现形式： １。由从属连词引导的主语从句：a. Whether the country should build a nuclear power station is something we must discuss.  b. That light travels in straight line is known to all . ２。由连接代词引导的主语从句： a. What we need is more time. b. Which type of coal they are going to burn needs to be decided.c. Whoever is here gets a prize. ３。由连接副词引导的主语从句：a. When the plane is to take off hasn’t been announced ．b. Where he has been is still a puzzle. c. How much water is flowing can be measured easily.  三、关于形式主语 it 主语从句放在句首往往显得头重脚轻，不太平衡，因此，在大多数情况下都是在主语的位置上用一个形式主语 it，而把主语从句移到句未去。 关于形式主语 it: 以 it 作形式主语，把主语从句后置的常用句型有： （1）It + be + 形容词 + that从句It is quite clear that Tom was fond of music. （2）It + be + 名词 + that从句It is a pity that she has made such a foolish mistake. （3）It + be + 过去分词 + that从句 It’s not yet decided that when the test will be given.  （4）It seems, happens 等不及物动词 + that从句 It happened that I didn’t take any money with me.  注意之点： 1、 当what引导的主语从句表示“……东西”时，一般不用it作形式主语。 What he needs is more experience. Whatever, whoever, whichever引导的主语从句一般也不用it作形式主语。 2、 但以下情况往往必须用it作形式主语，主语从句一般不能放在句首。a. It doesn’t matter whether he likes or not. b. It’s said that the highway will be open to traffic next year. c. Is it likely that it will snow in the afternoon? 3、主语从句不在句首，可以用if代替 whether, 但如若在句首，只能用whether，而不能用if.1.It’s not clear to me whether ( if ) she likes to join our discussion. 

ast sunday, Mr.Lee got up very early to go fishing.

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达孜县19110247950： 名词性从句中that的用法什么时候that可以省略 - ？
竹厘复方：[答案] 一.that 引导主语从句时,that 没有意义,但不能省略.(that 引导宾语从句时可以省略.) For example: It worried her a bit that her hair was turning gray.她的头发正在变白,这使她很不安.that引导主语从句,it 作形式主语,that 不能省略. That she is a rich...

达孜县19110247950： 英语名词性从句中what和that怎么区别?什么时候可以替换呢?whenever和when什么时候只能用一个?可以替换 - ？
竹厘复方： 1. what 是连接代词,它一方面连接从句,另一方面它在从句中作某个句子成分.例句:I don't like what you bought me yesterday.(我不喜欢你昨天给我买的东西.)what 一方面引导宾语从句,另一方面又在宾语从句中作 bought 的宾语.而that ...

达孜县19110247950： 经常不知道名词性从句什么时候用whether和if,什么时候用that? - ？
竹厘复方： 1.主句从句只能用whether whether he will come isn't clear. 2. 表语从句只用whether The problem is whether he will come. 3. 及物动词后的宾语从句whether和if可以换用. I don't know whether/if he will come. 介词后宾语从句不用if

达孜县19110247950： that在从句中,有几种用法,谁给我举些例子 - ？
竹厘复方：[答案] that可以引导名词性从句、定语从句,其具体用法如下: 一、that引导名词性从句时(即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句),在从句中无具体含义,只起连接作用,而且在从句中也不作任何句子成分.它所引导的从句的句子结构和意义是...

达孜县19110247950： that在各名词性从句中的用法,详解… - ？
竹厘复方： 在复合句中,起名词作用的从句,称为名词性从句.根据句法功能,名词性从句可以分为主语从句,宾语从句､表语从句和同位语从句.名词性从句不论是用什么词来引导,从句都必须用陈述句语序,即“引导词+主语+谓语+其它”.疑问代词...

达孜县19110247950： that在名词性从句中何时放句中?何时放句首?谢谢,最好举例说明 - ？
竹厘复方： 一般不放于句首,而是用it 做形式主语,把that引导的主语从从句房子在后面,避免头重脚轻,使句子平衡. It's very nice that we won the game.

达孜县19110247950： 名词性从句中什么时候用THAT 什么情况下用可以做从句状语的连接副词 - ？
竹厘复方： that引导名词性从句不作成分,没有意思,不能省略(少数宾语从句可省).名词性从句如果缺少状语那就用where,when,why,how等.

达孜县19110247950： 名词性从句中怎样区分用that和what 谢谢 - ？
竹厘复方： that在名词性从句中仅起引导从句的作用,不充当句子成分,也无意思.what在名词性从句中是连接代词,可充当从句中的主语宾语,在翻译中有实义

达孜县19110247950： that引导名词性从句的用法 - ？
竹厘复方： 在定语从句中,表示方式,时间或者地点的先行词后面,用that 引导定语从句.1 方式 Can you work out a way that(in which) we can solve the problem that 可以代表in which2 时间 I still remember the days that we meet3 地点 I have never been the ...

达孜县19110247950： 名词性从句什么情况用that不用who？
竹厘复方： that用于名词性从句中不缺少句子成分时