阅读难句随身卡基础篇:插入结构(下)

~ 本期难句分析：

1. a child hears it spoken from morning till night and, (what is more important), always in its genuine form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, right use of words and right structure.
结构：共有2个谓语动词，其中主句的是hears。(what is more)是插入语，而插入语并不重要。所以要先理解插入语两端的内容，再理解插入语。因此，对于插入语，我们的处理方法是：“先读两端，再读中间”。with后面的right…right…and right…是并列结构。
翻译：儿童从早到晚都能听到别人在讲（母语），而且更重要的是，听到的总是一种正确的发音、语调、用词以及语法结构的纯正语言。

2.work, (for most american and chinese women aged 55 and under), involves responsibility for a household, a child or children, and a job outside the home as well.
结构：只有一个谓语动词：involves。(for most american and chinese women aged 55 and under)是插入语。本句的主干为：work involves responsibility。for后面的内容修饰responsibility，而a household, a child or children, and a job outside the home as well为并列结构。
翻译：对于大多数美国和中国的55岁或者以下的妇女而言，工作的全部职责包括了负责家务、照顾孩子以及在家务之外还要上班。

3.still, he could not help thinking that if anything should happen, the nearest person he could contact by radio, (unless there was a ship nearby), would be on an island 885 miles away.
结构：共有5个谓语动词，主句谓语动词为could not help。that引导think的宾语从句。could contact属于定于从句，省略了引导词，修饰person。unless引导条件状语从句，为插入语。拆分为：
1) still, he could not help thinking.
2) that if anything should happen.
3) the nearest person would be on … away.
4) he could contact the person.
5) unless there was a ship nearby.
翻译：他仍然忍不住想到，如果发生了什么意外，那么除非附近有条船，否则他能用电台联系到的最近的人也885英里之外的岛屿上。

4.yet this other life has its interests, its enjoyments, its satisfaction, and, (at certain rare intervals), a peaceful glow or a sudden excitement.
结构：只有1个谓语动词：has。its…, its…, its…, and a…or a…是并列结构，作为has的宾语。(at certain rare intervals)是插入语。
翻译：然而，这另一种生活也有其情趣、快乐、满足，而且也偶尔伴随着平静的喜悦或者突如其来的激动。

5.our knowledge of social systems, (therefore), (while it is in many ways extremely inaccurate), is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries.
结构：共有2个谓语动词，其中is not是主句的谓语动词。while引导的让步状语从句，作为插入语，分隔了主语和系动词。拆分为：
1) our knowledge of social systems is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries.
2) while it is in many ways extremely inaccurate.
翻译：因此，虽然在很多方面，我们对社会体制的认识极度不准确，但是这些认识并不能够被新的发现所正式推翻。

6.however, self-fulfillment is important to morality because unfulfilled citizens, (no matter how virtuous), can not perform the duties morality assigns them.
结构：共有2个谓语动词，其中is是主句的谓语动词。because引导原因状语从句。(no matter how virtuous)是插入语，分隔了从句的主语和谓语。拆分为：
1) self-fulfillment is important to morality.
2) because unfulfilled citizens can not perform the duties morality assigns them.
翻译：然而，自我实现对于道德而言至关重要，因为没有自我实现的公民，无论多么有道德，都无法履行道德赋予他们的义务。

7. information and knowledge will become even more vital, and the people who possess it, (whether they work in manufacturing or services), will have the advantage and produce the wealth.
结构：共有4组谓语动词，其中主句谓语动词为will become和will have and produce。whether引导让步状语从句为插入语。拆分：
1) information and knowledge will become even more vital, and the people will have the advantages and produce the wealth.
2) people possess it.
3) whether they work in manufacturing or services.
翻译：信息和知识将会变得更加重要，而且掌握它们的人们，不论是在制造业还是服务业，都将会拥有优势，创造财富。

8.what i was being blamed for, (it turned out), was a newspaper strike which made it necessary to hand-deliver the advertising inserts that normally are included with the sunday paper.

结构：共有5个谓语动词，其中主句谓语动词为was。what引导主句从句。(it turned out)为插入语。拆分为：
1) what i was being blamed for was a newspaper strike.
2) the strike made it necessary to hand-deliver the advertising inserts.
3) the inserts normally are included with the sunday paper.
翻译：原来，我因为一场报纸行业罢工而受到责备。罢工造成不得不用人工把那些通常是夹在周日报纸里面的广告插页递送出去。

9.while we were waiting for the coffee, the head waiter, (with an ingratiating smile on his false face), came up to us bearing a large basket full of huge apples.
结构：共有2个谓语动词，其中主句谓语动词为came up。(with an ingratiating smile on his false face)是插入语，分隔了主语和谓语。ingratiating这个形容词修饰smile，不认识也不妨碍理解。拆分为：
1) the head waiter came up to us bearing a large basket full of huge apples.
2) while we were waiting for the coffee.
翻译：正在我们等咖啡上来的时候，领班面带着奉承的微笑，走到我们跟前，带来了一大篮子的特大苹果。

10.but a great book, (rich in ideas and beauty), (a book that rises and tries to answer great fundamental questions), demands the most active reading of which you are capable.
结构：共有3个谓语动词，其中demands是主句谓语动词。(rich in ideas and beauty)和(a book that…)是插入语。前者做a great book的后置定语，而后者是a great book的同位语，起补充说明的作用。that引导定语从句修饰book，which引导定语从句修饰reading。拆分为：
1) a great book demands the most active reading.
2) a book rises and tries to answer …questions.
3) you are capable of the reading.
翻译：但是一本富于思想和美感的伟大的书能够提出并试图回答一些伟大的根本问题。这样的书需要你尽最大所能来积极阅读。

11.you found upon that a general law that all hard and green apples are sour; and that, (so far as it goes), is a perfect induction.
结构：共有4个谓语动词，其中主句的谓语动词为found和is。分号前后的两句话是并列的主句。upon that等于because of that。第一个that指a general law。第二个that引导a general law的同位语从句。(so far as it goes)是插入语，意思是“迄今为止”。拆分为：
1) you found upon that a general law.
2) that all hard and green apples are sour.
3) and that is a perfect induction.
翻译：由此你发现了一条普遍规律，即所有又硬又青的苹果都是酸的。而且，迄今为止，这是一条不错的归纳。

12.it is, (everyone agrees), a huge task that the child performs when he learns to speak, and the fact that he does so in so short a period of time challenges explanation.
结构：共有6个谓语动词，其中主句谓语动词为is和challenges。and连接两个并列主句。(everyone agrees)为插入语。第二个that引导the fact的同位语从句。拆分为：
1) it is a huge task.
2) the child performs the task.
3) when he learns to speak.
4) the fact challenges explanation.
5) that he does so in so short period of time.
翻译：每个人都同意，孩子学说话是件艰巨的任务，而且他们能在如此短时间内做到，确实需要好好解释一下。

13.computer crime, (a phrase denoting illegal and surreptitious attempts to invade data banks in order to steal or modify records, or to release over computer networks software called a virus that destroys data and programs), has grown at an alarming rate since the development of computer communications.
结构：共有2个谓语动词，其中主句的为has grown。主干为computer crime has grown at an alarming rate…。中间的(a phrase…programs)是插入语，虽然很长，但是即使看不懂也不重要，只要明白是在解释computer crime即可。denoting illegal and surreptitious attempts …作为分词修饰a phrase。steal or modify records, or to release …software为并列结构。called a virus修饰software。
翻译：随着计算机通讯的发展，计算机犯罪已经在加速增长。计算机犯罪这个术语是指非法、秘密侵入数据库盗取或修改数据记录，或者在计算机网络上散布病毒软件来破坏数据和程序的行为。

14. britain almost more than any other country in the world must seriously face the problem of building upwards, (that is to say), of accommodating a considerable proportion of its population in high blocks of flats.
结构：共有2个谓语动词，其中主句谓语动词为must face。主干为：britain must face the problem。 almost more than any other country in the world作为britain的后置定语。(that is to say)是插入语，意为“也就是说”。 两个of介词短语都在修饰the problem。

翻译：英国几乎比世界上任何国家都更加需要严肃对待向高空建筑房屋的问题，也就是说，要在很高的公寓楼里面容纳下人口总数的一大部分的问题。

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