当what , which , that , where , in which 作引导词时应该怎
宾语从句
一、定义：
用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句可以用连词that，连接代词who，whom，what，which；连接副词 how，when，where以及if和whether引起。连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中作一相应的句子成分，if或whether表示疑问，而that没有意义仅起连接作用。
二、宾语从句的分类：
1． 作动词的宾语从句：
如：Everyone knows that he is a good student.
He wondered how the pyramids were built.
2． 作介词宾语：
如：This depends on how hard you work.
Is there anything wrong in what I said?
3． 作形容词的宾语：
如：They are confident that they can do the job well.
I am not certain whether the train will arrive on time.
三：使用宾语从句要注意的问题：
1． 宾语从句引导词that的省略：
在非正式场合下，that在引导宾语从句时，可以省略。
如：I think (that) you are right.
2． 形式宾语it：
如果宾语从句后面跟有补语，要用形式宾语it来代替，而将从句放到补语的后面去。如：He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.
I heard it said that that factory was founded in 1901.
3．宾语从句的时态呼应：
如果主句的谓语是过去时，宾语从句的时态要按照时态呼应规则进行相应的调整。但是若宾语从句表示的是客观真理或自然观念，其谓语时态仍用一般现在时。
如：He said that he had left his umbrella in the library.
The teacher told the students that the Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean in the world.
4． 宾语从句否定意义的转移：
在think, believe, suppose, expect 等动词所根的宾语中，如果从句谓语是否定的，一般要将否定词not转移至主句谓语上去，而将从句宾语变为肯定形式。
如：I don’t think he has time to play chess with you.
I don’t suppose it is the rush hour yet.
5．一些动词接的宾语从句通常要用虚拟语气：
一般说来，在一些表示坚持(insist)，命令(order，command)，建议(suggest，advise)，要求(require，demand) 等动词之后的宾语从句中，谓语一般要用“should +动词原形”（其中的should在美国英语中常省略，但是引导从句的that通常不省略）：
如：She suggested that we (should) leave early．
He ordered that the medicine (should) be sent by a special plane．
6．whether 与 if
引导介词宾语从句时，只能用 whether，不用if；与“or not”连用时，一般用whether，不用if。
如：I am interested in whether he'll go abroad．
We don't know whether he will come or not．
7．宾语从句的语序
连接词后面为陈述语序。
如：I don’t know what your name is.
8．直接引语变为间接引语
间接引语的使用应注意选择合适的动词。陈述用say／tell，疑问用ask／wonder，而祈使用 tell／order，建议用advise／suggest。注意这些动词后面的结构和语气。
如：“Could you get some tea for me？” Mr．Blake said to his wife．
→Mr. Blake asked his wife whether she could get some tea for him.
“Shall we go dancing tonight？”John said．
→John suggested they should go dancing tonight.
状语从句
状语从句是句子的状语由一个从句充当，来修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词等。状语从句
都由从属连词引导，与主句连接，放在句末时，一般不在前面加逗号。
状语从句根据它表示的意思可分为时间，原因，条件，比较，结果，目的等类。下面我们拣重点
的一个一个来分析。
时间状语从句：是由when, as, while, after, before, since, until, as soon as 等从
属连词引导的状语从句。
时间状语从句中的谓语动词不能用一般将来时，只能用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作或
存在的状态。
如:I will call you as soon as I arrive there.
原因状语从句： because, since, as和for都表示原因。常常令我们不知该用哪个好。我们来
比较一下。
because语势最强，回答why提出的问题，用来说明人所不知的原因。当能够很明显的看出原因
或人们已知原因，就用as或since。
如：I don't like that coat,because the color looks terrible.
由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直
接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。
如：He is not here, because / for his mother is ill.
目的状语从句：表示目的状语的从句可以由in order that, so that,等词引导。如：
You must raise your voice so that/in order that everybody can hear you clearly.
结果状语从句：结果状语从句常由so...that 或 such...that引导，要掌握和区分这两个句型，
首先要了解so和such后面分别跟什么词。such是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so是副词,只能修
饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。
如：The box is so heavy that I can't carry it.
让步状语从句：是由though, although 引导的状语从句。
though, although 和 but不能同时使用。
Although it rained, they had a good time.
定语从句
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。
被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which，as 。
关系副词有：when, where, why ,how 。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。
定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
1 、关系代词引导的定语从句
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换),
例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.
3)which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.（which / that在句中作宾语）
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. (which / that在句中作宾语)
关系代词that和which 都可以指物，that 和Who 都可以指人，其用法区别：
1）不用that的情况
a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时
(错) The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
b) 介词后不能用
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
c)多用who 的情况
①关系代词在从句中做主语
A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend .
②先行词为those , people 时
Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth .
③先行词为all, anyone , ones , one 指人时
One who doesn’t work hard will never succeed in his work .
④在There be句型中
There is a stranger who wants to see you .
⑤在被分隔的定语从句中
A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German .
⑥在有两个定语从句的句子中，其一用who,其二用that,但若先行词后接两个以上的并列定语从句时，后一个必须重复前一个关系代词。
The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard .
There is a teacher who is always ready to help others and who enjoys what he does .
2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
b) 先行词有the only, the very, the just修饰时，只用that。
He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water .
c) 先行词为序数词(the last)、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.
The first English book that I read was “The Prince and the Pauper” by Mark Twin .
d) 先行词既有人，又有物时。
He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited .
e)当主句是以who 或which 开始的特殊疑问句时，用that 以避免重复。
Who is the person that is standing at the gate .
f)关系代词在从句中做表语
He is not the man that he used to be .
2 、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点、方式或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1)when, where, why，how
关系副词when, where, why,how的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
I’m surprised the way how (by which) he works out the problem .
注意：
①在非限制性定语从句中，"介词+ which"结构不能代替关系副词。
如：They set up a state for their own , where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves .
②含有介词短语的动词一般不能拆开，介词仍放在动词后面。
Is this the book which (that) she was looking for ?
3、名词/数词/代词 /形容词最高级 + 介词 + 关系代词引导定语从句
She has written a book , the name of which I have forgotten .
There are fifty-five students in our class , all of whom are working hard .
There are five continents in the world , the largest of which is Asia .
4、 as, which 引导非限定性定语从句的差别：
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'的意思。
As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
用法区别：
(1) as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。
As we all know , he never smokes .
(2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。
(3)非限定性定语从句中出现expect , think , suppose 等表示猜测、想象、预料等时。
She succeeded in her doing the research work , as we expected .
(4)As 的用法 the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。
http://wenku.baidu.com/view/b30cae9851e79b896802267e.html
研究研究！
I should like to use the same tool as is used here .
We should have such a dictionary as he is using .
who修饰人，what不在定语从句里，which修饰物句子结构不完整，where句子结构完整，一般选他，that修饰物但是不能在非限制定语从句中
希望能够帮助你！Where is the hotel in which you stayed?
可以改为where， 但通常不用，这句话如果有两个“where”，是外国人最忌讳的，他们不喜欢重复的词。
以下知识来源于北京四中网校：
定语从句
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有：when, where, why等。
一、 关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)
二、 关系代词that, which的用法
A. 以下情况多用that.
(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如：
All the people that are present burst into tears.
Is there anything that I can do for you?
(2) 如果先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, the best等词修饰，关系代词常用that(指人时，可以用who),例如：
This is the very book that I want to find.
That is the best film that we have seen.
I was the only person in my office that/who was invited.
(3) 当先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much所修饰时；
You can take any seat that is free.
(4) 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时。
It is the first foreign book that I have ever seen.
This is the most beautiful flower that I have seen.
(5) 在there be句型中，常用that.
There is a man that lives in that village.
(6) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。例如：
The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.
B. 以下情况用which.
(1) 当关系词前面有介词时，指物常用which.
The prize for which he worked so hard was a new bike.
He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.
(2) 非限制性定语从句指物时，多用which.
Bamboo is hollow, which makes it light.
He wrote an article, which tells us about the computer.
(3) 如果先行词本身是that时，只用which.
This is that which he bought yesterday.
(4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，例如：
He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.
三、 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1）when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
2）that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.
他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
I don’t like the way (that/ in which) he was treated.
This is the reason he was absent.
、介词+关系词
(1) “介词＋关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。
“介词＋关系代词“结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，关系代词只可用whom或 which,不可用 that。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
(2) from where为“介词＋关系副词“结构，但也可以引导定语从句。例如：
We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town.
(3) 像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：
This is the boy whom she has taken care of.
（4） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
（2）Some, any, none等或数词+of+which/whom 引导的定语从句。例如
I have four books, two of which are interesting.
It’s a family of three children, all of whom I have ever taught.
八、定语从句与名词性从句的互换
定语从句和名词性从句由于表达意思的需要，有时可以互相转换。大致有下面三种情况：
（1）定语从句与表语从句的互换
That's the thing that we're worrying about.（定语从句）
That's what we're worrying about.（表语从句）
那就是我们正在担心的事。
This is the way she did it.（定语从句）
This is how she did it.（表语从句）
这就是她做这件事的方法。
This is the reason why we must go now.（定语从句）
This is why we must go now.（表语从句）
这就是我们现在该走的理由。
That is the place where Xiao Lin was born.（定语从句）
That is where Xiao Lin was born.(表语从句)
那就是小林出生的地方。
（2）定语从句与宾语从句的互换
I don't know the reason why she is so happy.（定语从句）
I don't know why she is so happy.（宾语从句）
我不知道她为什么这样高兴。
He showed me the place where he used to live.（定语从句）
He showed me where he used to live.（宾语从句）
他带我看了他曾经住过的地方。
Do you know the date when Wuhan was liberated?（定语从句）
Do you know when Wuhan was liberated?(宾语从句)
你知道武汉是什么时候解放的吗？
（3）定语从句与主语从句的互换
The thing that we need is more time.（定语从句）
What we need is more time.（主语从句）
我们所需要的是更多的时间。
The time when they will start out has not been decided yet.（定语从句）
When they will start out has not been decided yet.（主语从句）
他们什么时候动身还没有决定下来。
The reason why he did it wasn't quite clear.（定语从句）
Why he did it wasn't quite clear.（主语从句）
他为什么做那件事还不很清楚。
The place where she lives is not known yet.（定语从句）
Where she lives is not known yet.（主语从句）
她住在什么地方，大家还不知道。
刀先亮菌： 名词性从句中what和which都可以做主语、宾语或者表语.用法上没有区别,只有意思上有区别,what就是指那个事/物,而which指“哪个”或“哪些”.I don't know what I want.我不知道我想要的是什么.I don't know which one I want.我不知道我想要哪一个.
武胜县18512545036： what which that how when 分别在从句中的用法和表示什么 - ？
刀先亮菌： 分别表示: what对物体提问,意思是什么 how对方式提问,意思是怎样,也可引导感叹句 which意思是哪一个 when对时间提问 that一般引导宾语从句和定语从句what、who、when、where、why、how、which、whom、whose——疑问词引导从...
武胜县18512545036： 宾语从句中what which that怎么区分 - ？
刀先亮菌： that---引导陈述句作宾语从句,无词意,可省略. what和which都引导特殊疑问句做宾语从句. what什么----没有一定范围 which那个(些)----有一定范围What book do you like best?你最喜欢什么类书籍? Which book do you like best of the three books?三本书中你最喜欢哪一本?
武胜县18512545036： what在名词性从句中的用法 - ？
刀先亮菌： “what” 常做名词性从句中的引导词:参考:what在名词性从句中作主语和宾语,that在名词性从句中不占句子成分.what不能用于状语从句和定语从句.宾语从句和表语从句宾语从句和表语从句是从句中较为简单的一种.这两种从句是以句子...
武胜县18512545036： what,that,which的用法 - ？
刀先亮菌： what 代名词 A (疑问代名词) 1 甚么,甚么东西[事],何物[事) B (关系代名词) 1 a. (…的) 东西[事情] W~ I say is true. 我所说的是真的 She pointed to ~ looked like a bird. 她指著看似一只鸟的东西 He always does ~ he believes is right. 他总...
武胜县18512545036： 英语从句中what、where、that、which等怎么用?详细 - ？
刀先亮菌： 英语中六大从句用法总结 1.主语从句 1)主语从句可直接位于主语的位置,如果从句较长,谓语又较短,可用it作形式主语,而将从句放在句末.常见的句型有: *It is a facta pitya questiongood news that... *It seemsappearshappenedhas turned ...
武胜县18512545036： what 和which 在引导从句时有什么区别? - ？
刀先亮菌： that,what和which 1. that引导名词性从句时只起连接从句的作用,本身没有任何意义,因此在从句中不充当任何句子成分,它的使用须注意以下几点: A. 引导宾语从句时,that常可省略,但如果主句后跟有并列宾语从句时,只能省略第一个that;...
武胜县18512545036： what .that.where.which.when.who.whom.的具体用法和区别 - ？
刀先亮菌： a 和 an 均用在单数名词之前,表示一类人或事物中的“一个”,相当于汉语中的“一”,但不强调数目概念.a 用在辅音之前,an 用在元音之前 ,如 a notbook 、an old man字母 u 读作[ju:]时,由于第一个音[j]是辅音,故前面用 a ,不用 an .如 a useful book,一本有用的书, a university 一所大学.字母 h 如不发音, 第一个音是元音,前面用 an 而不用 a ,如 an hour 一小时 an honest person 一个诚实的人.你首先应该把辅音和元音的概念搞清楚,这样就很容易区分了.
武胜县18512545036： that which what 用法的区别 - ？
刀先亮菌： 首先,that和which在从句里都可以做宾语和主语,做宾语时可以省略.在定语从句中,有种说法叫＂关宾省＂,意思是关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语可以省略,不管是that,which,还是whom.但是which能引导非限制性定语从句,that则不...
武胜县18512545036： 在名词从句中what,when,that之类怎么个用法如题 谢谢了 - ？
刀先亮菌： 1、定语从句中which或that肯定作从句的主语或宾语;而同位语从句中只能用that,that不作任何成分. We all think highly of his idea that (which) he put forward at the meeting. (定语从句) We all think highly of his idea that we have a party for Tom's ...
