霍金英文介绍

霍金介绍（中英文）~

Hawking is a graduate of Oxford and Cambridge universities, where he holds a doctorate.
霍金毕业于牛津大学和剑桥大学，并获剑桥大学博士学位。
In 1959, at the age of 17, hawking went to university college, Oxford, to study natural sciences, and spent little time getting a first class honours degree before moving to Cambridge university to study cosmology.
1959年17岁的霍金入读牛津大学的大学学院攻读自然科学，用了很少时间而得到一等荣誉学位，随后转读剑桥大学研究宇宙学。
In 1963, at the age of 21, he was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or motor neurone disease. At the time, he was diagnosed with a terminal illness and had only two years to live, but he survived.
1963年，21岁的他不幸被诊断患有肌肉萎缩性侧索硬化症即运动神经细胞病。当时，医生曾诊断身患绝症的他只能活两年，可他一直坚强地活了下来。

扩展资料
家庭背景
史蒂芬·霍金1942年1月8日出生于英国牛津，他的父亲弗兰克与母亲伊莎贝尔都就读于牛津大学，弗兰克主修医学，伊莎贝尔学习哲学、政治学和经济学。
第二次世界大战爆发后，弗兰克原本想要从军报国，上级认为他如果从事研究工作可以对国家给出更有价值的贡献，他于是在一所医学研究院任职研究员，伊莎贝尔也在这所研究院找到一份秘书工作。他们在这里相遇并且坠入爱河、共结连理。
婚后，他们住在伦敦附近郊区海格特。那时正值纳粹德军轰炸英格兰，伦敦遭受几乎夜夜不停的空袭。夫妻二人被迫决定，伊莎贝尔应该搬迁到较为安全的牛津把孩子生下来。等到史蒂芬诞生后，伊莎贝尔才又回到海格特。
在史蒂芬1岁与5岁时，他们还生了两个女儿菲莉帕与玛莉，史蒂芬14岁时，他们又收养了一个儿子爱德华。

World renowned physicist Stephen Hawking has died at the age of 76.
世界知名物理学家史蒂芬霍金去世，享年76岁。
The British scientist was famed for his work with black holes and relativity, and wrote several popular science books including A Brief History of Time.
这位英国科学家以他主要研究领域，黑洞和相对论研究，闻名于世。并且著有多部科学著作，包括《时间简史》。
At the age of 22 Prof Hawking was given only a few years to live after being diagnosed with a rare form of motor neurone disease.
霍金教授在他22岁时被确诊为一种很罕见的运动神经元病，并断言他仅能活几年。
The illness left him in a wheelchair and largely unable to speak except through a voice synthesizer.
疾病使得他全身瘫痪，只能终身与轮椅为伴，丧失语言能力，只能通过语音合成器发声。
They praised his "courage and persistence" and said his "brilliance and humour" inspired people across the world. “We will miss him forever.”
他的勇气和毅力，才华和幽默将鼓舞全世界的人们。

扩展资料：
成就：
1、史蒂芬·威廉·霍金是本世纪享有国际盛誉的伟人之一，剑桥大学数学及理论物理学系教授，当代最重要的广义相对论和宇宙论家。荣获英国剑桥大学卢卡斯数学教席，这是自然科学史上继牛顿和狄拉克之后荣誉最高的教席。
2、20世纪70年代他与彭罗斯一道证明了著名的奇性定理，为此他们共同获得了1988年的沃尔夫物理奖。他因此被誉为继爱因斯坦之后世界上最著名的科学思想家和最杰出的理论物理学家。
3、斯蒂芬·威廉·霍金的研究为理解黑洞和宇宙本源奠定了基础，他在动画片《辛普森一家》（The Simpsons）和科幻剧集 《星际迷航：下一代》（Star Trek：The Next Generation）中的演出也同样精彩。
参考资料：百度百科-斯蒂芬·威廉·霍金

楼主是要霍金的英文介绍？
Stephen William Hawking was born to Dr. Frank Hawking, a research biologist, and Isobel Hawking, a political activist. He had two younger sisters, Philippa and Mary and an adopted brother, Edward. Though Hawking’s parents were living in North London, they moved to Oxford while Isobel was pregnant with Stephen, desiring a safer location for the birth of their first child (London was under attack at the time by the Luftwaffe). According to one of Hawking's publications, a German Wehrmacht V-2 missile struck only a few streets away.

After Hawking was born, the family moved back to London, where his father headed the division of parasitology at the National Institute for Medical Research.

In 1950, Hawking and his family moved to St Albans in Hertfordshire where he attended St Albans High School for Girls from 1950 to 1953. (At that time, boys could attend the Girls school until the age of 10.[10]) From the age of 11, he attended St Albans School, where he was a good, but not an exceptional, student.[7] When asked later to name a teacher who had inspired him, Hawking named his Mathematics teacher, "Mr Tahta". He maintains his connection with the school, giving his name to one of the four houses and to an extracurricular science lecture series. He has visited to deliver one of the lectures and has also granted a lengthy interview to pupils working on the school magazine, The Albanian.

Hawking was always interested in science. He enrolled at University College, Oxford with the intent of studying mathematics although his father preferred he go into medicine. It was here that he met his life-long friend Joshua Adamson. Since mathematics was not offered at University College, Hawking instead chose physics. His interests during this time were in thermodynamics, relativity, and quantum mechanics. His physics tutor, Robert Berman, later said in the New York Times Magazine:

It was only necessary for him to know that something could be done, and he could do it without looking to see how other people did it. ... He didn’t have very many books, and he didn’t take notes. Of course, his mind was completely different from all of his contemporaries.

Hawking was passing with his fellow students, but his unimpressive study habits gave him a final examination score on the borderline between first and second class honours, making an "oral examination" necessary. Berman said of the oral examination:

And of course the examiners then were intelligent enough to realize they were talking to someone far more clever than most of themselves.

After receiving his B.A. degree at Oxford University in 1962, he stayed to study astronomy. He decided to leave when he found that studying sunspots, which was all the observatory was equipped for, did not appeal to him and that he was more interested in theory than in observation. He left Oxford for Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where he engaged in the study of theoretical astronomy and cosmology.

Almost as soon as he arrived at Cambridge, he started developing symptoms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (known colloquially in the USA as Lou Gehrig’s disease), a type of motor neuron disease which would cost him almost all neuromuscular control. During his first two years at Cambridge, he did not distinguish himself, but, after the disease had stabilized and with the help of his doctoral tutor, Dennis William Sciama, he returned to working on his Ph.D. He revealed that he did not see much point in obtaining a doctorate if he were to die soon. Hawking later said that the real turning point was his 1965 marriage to Jane Wilde, a language student. After gaining his Ph.D., Stephen became first a Research Fellow, and later on a Professorial Fellow at Gonville and Caius College.

Hawking was elected as one of the youngest Fellows of the Royal Society in 1974, was created a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1982, and became a Companion of Honour in 1989. Hawking is a member of the Board of Sponsors of The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.

Jane Hawking (née Wilde), Hawking’s first wife, cared for him until 1991 when the couple separated, reportedly due to the pressures of fame and his increasing disability. They had three children: Robert (b. 1967), Lucy (b. 1969), and Timothy (b. 1979). Hawking married his nurse, Elaine Mason (who was also the previous wife of David Mason, designer of the first version of Hawking’s talking computer), in 1995. In October 2006, Hawking filed for divorce from his second wife.

In 1999, Jane Hawking published a memoir, Music to Move the Stars, detailing her own long-term relationship with a family friend whom she later married. Hawking’s daughter, Lucy, is a novelist. Their oldest son, Robert, emigrated to the United States, married, and has one child, George Edward Hawking. Reportedly, Hawking and his first family were reconciled in 2007.

At the celebration of his 65th birthday on 8 January 2007, Hawking announced his plans for a zero-gravity flight in 2007 to prepare for a sub-orbital spaceflight in 2009 on Virgin Galactic’s space service. Billionaire Richard Branson pledged to pay all expenses for the latter, costing an estimated £100,000. Stephen Hawking’s zero-gravity flight in a "Vomit Comet" of Zero Gravity Corporation, during which he experienced weightlessness eight times, took place on 26 April 2007.

He became the first quadriplegic to float free in a weightless state. This was the first time in 40 years that he moved freely, without his wheelchair. The fee is normally US$3,750 for 10-15 plunges, but Hawking was not required to pay the fee. A bit of a futurist, Hawking was quoted before the flight saying:

Many people have asked me why I am taking this flight. I am doing it for many reasons. First of all, I believe that life on Earth is at an ever increasing risk of being wiped out by a disaster such as sudden nuclear war, a genetically engineered virus, or other dangers. I think the human race has no future if it doesn’t go into space. I therefore want to encourage public interest in space.
Hawking’s principal fields of research are theoretical cosmology and quantum gravity.

In the late 1960s, he and his Cambridge friend and colleague, Roger Penrose, applied a new, complex mathematical model they had created from Albert Einstein’s general theory of relativity.[18] This led, in 1970, to Hawking proving the first of many singularity theorems; such theorems provide a set of sufficient conditions for the existence of a singularity in space-time. This work showed that, far from being mathematical curiosities which appear only in special cases, singularities are a fairly generic feature of general relativity.
He supplied a mathematical proof, along with Brandon Carter, Werner Israel and D. Robinson, of John Wheeler’s “No-Hair Theorem” – namely, that any black hole is fully described by the three properties of mass, angular momentum, and electric charge.

Hawking also suggested that, upon analysis of gamma ray emissions, after the Big Bang, primordial or mini black holes were formed. With Bardeen and Carter, he proposed the four laws of black hole mechanics, drawing an analogy with thermodynamics. In 1974, he calculated that black holes should thermally create and emit subatomic particles, known today as Hawking radiation, until they exhaust their energy and evaporate.
In collaboration with Jim Hartle, Hawking developed a model in which the Universe had no boundary in space-time, replacing the initial singularity of the classical Big Bang models with a region akin to the North pole: One cannot travel North of the North pole, as there is no boundary there. While originally the no-boundary proposal predicted a closed Universe, discussions with Neil Turok led to the realisation that the no-boundary proposal is also consistent with a Universe which is not closed.

Among Hawking’s many other scientific investigations, included are the study of: quantum cosmology, cosmic inflation, helium production in anisotropic Big Bang universes, large N cosmology, the density matrix of the universe, topology and structure of the universe, baby universes, Yang-Mills instantons and the S matrix, anti de Sitter space, quantum entanglement and entropy, the nature of space and time, including the arrow of time, spacetime foam, string theory, supergravity, Euclidean quantum gravity, the gravitational Hamiltonian, Brans-Dicke and Hoyle-Narlikar theories of gravitation, gravitational radiation, and wormholes.

At a George Washington University lecture in honour of NASA's 50th anniversary, Prof. Hawking theorised on the existence of extraterrestrial life: "Primitive life is very common and intelligent life is fairly rare."

Stephen
William
Hawking,
CH,
CBE,
FRS,
FRSA,
(born
8
January
1942)
is
a
British
theoretical
physicist.
Hawking
is
the
Lucasian
Professor
of
Mathematics
at
the
University
of
Cambridge,
and
a
Fellow
of
Gonville
and
Caius
College,
Cambridge.
He
is
known
for
his
contributions
to
the
fields
of
cosmology
and
quantum
gravity,
especially
in
the
context
of
black
holes,
and
his
popular
works
in
which
he
discusses
his
own
theories
and
cosmology
in
general.
These
include
the
runaway
popular
science
bestseller
A
Brief
History
of
Time,
which
stayed
on
the
British
Sunday
Times
bestseller
list
for
a
record-breaking
237
weeks.
斯蒂芬・威廉Hawking,
CH,
CBE,
FRS,
FRSA,
(被负担1942
1月8
日)
是英国的理论物理学家。Hawking
是数学Lucasian
教授在剑桥大学,
和Gonville
和Caius
学院,
剑桥的家伙。他为人所知为他的对宇宙论和量子重力的领域的贡献,
特别是就黑洞状况,
和他谈论他自己的理论和宇宙论总之的他普遍的工作。这些包括逃亡大众科学畅销书时间的简要的历史,
停留在英国的星期天时间畅销书名单为record-breaking
237
个星期。

StephenWilliamHawking,CH,CBE,FRS,FRSA,(born8January1942)isaBritishtheoreticalphysicist.HawkingistheLucasianProfessorofMathematicsattheUniversityofCambridge,andaFellowofGonvilleandCaiusCollege,Cambridge.Heisknownforhiscontributionstothefieldsofcosmologyandquantumgravity,especiallyinthecontextofblackholes,andhispopularworksinwhichhediscusseshisowntheoriesandcosmologyingeneral.TheseincludetherunawaypopularsciencebestsellerABriefHistoryofTime,whichstayedontheBritishSundayTimesbestsellerlistforarecord-breaking237weeks.
斯蒂芬・威廉Hawking,CH,CBE,FRS,FRSA,(被负担19421月8日)是英国的理论物理学家。Hawking是数学Lucasian教授在剑桥大学,和Gonville和Caius学院,剑桥的家伙。他为人所知为他的对宇宙论和量子重力的领域的贡献,特别是就黑洞状况,和他谈论他自己的理论和宇宙论总之的他普遍的工作。这些包括逃亡大众科学畅销书时间的简要的历史,停留在英国的星期天时间畅销书名单为record-breaking237个星期。

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